PBS高端访谈:照相机背后的少年犯罪

JUDY WOODRUFF: Photographer Richard Ross has documented the U.S. juvenile¹ justice system for the better part of a decade. In tonight's Brief But Spectacular, Ross shares what it feels like to honor the voices of children behind bars. His books Juvie Talk and Girls in Justiceare available online.

RICHARD ROSS, Photographer: I went to a juvenile detention² center in Texas. And I was used to photographing architecture, but then, all of a sudden, I started talking to a couple of kids there that were very fragile, didn't speak any English. And I realized that I was the conduit for their voice. When I would go into these institutions, I would knock on the door of the cell, I would take off my shoes, I would ask for permission to come in. And then I would sit on the floor of the cell. I would give that child authority physically³ above me. And these were usually teenagers, and they were isolated⁴, bored, lonely. And somebody interested in paying attention to them, they loved it. These kids all live under the umbrella of trauma⁵, poverty, abuse, neglect. And I'm trying to figure out the world where they get the right resources to help them, and they don't go into the deeper end of the system. Every one of these children need mental health services. These are kids without a voice from families without resources, from communities without power, and that's got to change somehow. Getting the images into the hands of the right people to effect change is the battle that I do. The Senate and House was voting to renew the act that kept children in separate courts. There was an exhibition of my work in the Capitol Rotunda⁶. And then, when the actual vote was taking place, Senators Grassley and Durbin both had copies of my book when they were voting.

I create these images because data, while it's incredibly important, exists in fluorescent⁷ sterility⁸, yearning⁹ for a fragile voice to make it comprehensible on human terms. When you have kids from one zip code that are more likely to go to prison than college, then society has failed them, rather than they have failed us. So, instead of figuring out how to change these kids to fit into our institutions, we have to rearrange our thinking and figure out how our institutions change to fit these kids. You have seen these images. You have a glimpse of who these kids are. Ask yourself, what would you do if this was your kid. My name is Richard Ross, and this is my Brief But Spectacular take on juvenile injustice¹⁰ in America.

JUDY WOODRUFF: So powerful. And you can see all episodes in our Brief But Spectacular series on our Web site. That's PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief.

朱迪·伍德拉夫: 摄影师理查德·罗斯近十年来一直在记录美国的少年司法系统。在今晚简短而精彩的节目中，罗斯会和大家分享为监狱里的孩子们发声的感受。他的书《少管所谈话》《正义的女孩》可以在网上搜到。

摄影师理查德·罗斯:我去过德克萨斯州的一个少年拘留所。我原本习惯了拍建筑，但机缘巧合之下，我开始和那里的几个孩子聊天，他们很脆弱还不会说英语。我意识到我是他们发声的渠道。当我去这些机构的时候，我会先敲一下牢房的门，然后脱掉鞋子，征求他们的意见，让他们同意让我进去。然后我会坐在牢房的地板上，让那个孩子在坐位上高于我。这些孩子一般是青少年，他们处于被孤立的状态，无聊且孤独。他们很喜欢有人有兴趣关注他们。这些孩子都生活在创伤、贫困、被虐待和忽视的阴影下。我致力于弄清楚从哪里得到正确的资源来帮助他们，他们不会进一步犯罪。这些孩子都需要心理健康服务。这些孩子没有人为其辩护，他们的家庭没有什么背景，社区也没有什么势力，这必须以某种方式改变。把这些照片交到正确的人手中，从而产生影响，这就是我在做的一场战斗。参议院和众议院正在投票更新法案，该法案规定儿童在单独的法庭受审。国会大厦圆形大厅里展览着我的作品。然后，当真正的投票开始时，参议员格拉斯利和德宾在投票时都拿着我的书。

虽然我拍摄这些照片是因为数据，但是这些照片非常重要，它们存在于荧光无菌的环境中，渴望着一个脆弱的声音，使它能够被人类理解。如果一个地区的孩子进监狱的可能性比上大学的可能性大，那么是社会辜负了他们，而不是他们辜负了我们。所以，我们不是要去探究如何让这些孩子适应我们的学校，而是要重新思考我们的学校应如何适应这些孩子。你们已经看到了这些照片。你也看到了这些孩子是谁。问问你自己，如果这是你的孩子，你会怎么做·我是理查德·罗斯，这是我对发生在美国青少年不公正简短有力的看法。

朱迪:真是太振奋人心了。你可以在我们的网站上看到我们所有简短而精彩的剧集。这是PBS.org/NewsHour/Brief。

1 juvenile   

n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的

参考例句：

• For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
• Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。

2 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

3 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

4 isolated   

adj.与世隔绝的

参考例句：

• His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
• Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。

5 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

6 rotunda   

n.圆形建筑物；圆厅

参考例句：

• The Capitol at Washington has a large rotunda.华盛顿的国会大厦有一圆形大厅。
• The rotunda was almost deserted today,dotted with just a few tourists.圆形大厅今天几乎没有多少人，只零星散布着几个游客。

7 fluorescent   

adj.荧光的，发出荧光的

参考例句：

• They observed the deflections of the particles by allowing them to fall on a fluorescent screen.他们让粒子落在荧光屏上以观察他们的偏移。
• This fluorescent lighting certainly gives the food a peculiar color.这萤光灯当然增添了食物特别的色彩。

8 sterility   

n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠，消毒，无菌

参考例句：

• A major barrier to interspecific hybridization is sterility in the F1 progeny.种间杂交的主要障碍是F1代的不育性。
• Sterility is some permanent factor preventing procreation.不育是阻碍生殖的一种永久性因素。

9 yearning   

a.渴望的；向往的；怀念的

参考例句：

• a yearning for a quiet life 对宁静生活的向往
• He felt a great yearning after his old job. 他对过去的工作有一种强烈的渴想。

10 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。