PBS高端访谈:关于"东京奥运会"你应该知道的10点小知识

Here are 10 quick things to know about Tokyo's Summer Olympics.

下面是关于东京夏季奥运会的10点知识，来快速了解一下。

Number One. Tokyo hosting the Summer Games for the second time is 13 hours ahead of the Eastern time zone.

第一，东京第二次举办夏季奥运会比东部时区提前了13个小时。

U.S. fans may end up watching some events on tape-delay.

美国的观众可能要通过磁带延迟观看一些赛事。

Number Two. The Games will take place at 42 venues¹ around Japan.

第二，奥运会将在日本各地42个场馆进行。

Race walking and the marathon were moved to 500 miles away in Sapporo to avoid the Tokyo heat.

为了避开东京的高温，竞走和马拉松比赛被转移到了500英里外的札幌。

Number Three. It might be 2021 but these are the 2020 Olympics.

第三，今年是2021年，但这是2020奥运会。

The pandemic delayed the Games, but Olympic organizers kept the Tokyo 2020 name because the Olympics always fall in even-number years.

奥运会虽然因为新冠疫情被推迟，但奥运会组织者并没有改变“2020年东京奥运会”这一称呼，因为奥运会只在偶数年举行。

Number Four. A slow vaccination² campaign and the rise of the delta³ variant⁴ forced officials to ban spectators⁵ from most events.

第四，由于疫苗接种进展的缓慢以及德尔塔变种病毒的扩散，官员们只能禁止观众现场观看很多比赛。

In a recently released survey of Japanese citizens, 83% of respondents stated they did not want the Olympics to go on as planned.

在最近公布的一项针对日本公民的调查中，83%的受访者表示他们不希望奥运会按计划举行。

Already, at least 60 Olympic athletes and staff have tested positive for Covid-19.

目前，至少有60名奥运运动员和工作人员的新冠病毒检测呈阳性。

Number Five. While there will be hardly any fans athletes from 204 countries will be attending.

第五，尽管几乎没有球迷，但来自204个国家的运动员将出席。

The largest Olympic Nation? China. The smallest? The island nation of Nauru, with a population just over 10,000.

最大的奥运国家？中国。最小的奥运国家？岛国瑙鲁，人口刚刚超过1万。

Russian athletes will be competing but not officially representing Russia.

俄罗斯运动员将参加比赛，但不会正式代表俄罗斯参赛。

Russia's flag, anthem⁶ and team name were banned from the competition following the 2015 discovery of the country's extensive doping program.

2015年在被发现大规模使用兴奋剂后俄罗斯的国旗、国歌和队名被禁止出现在奥运会赛场。

And twenty-nine athletes who have had to flee their own countries will compete as the Refugee⁷ Olympic Team.

29名被迫逃离自己国家的运动员将作为“奥运难民队”参赛。

Number Six. Tokyo 2020 will feature a record 339 medal events.

第六，2020年东京奥运会将有339个奖牌项目，为历来最多。

And for the first time, some sports -- like swimming, track and field and archery --will feature mixed gender⁸ events.

一些体育项目——如游泳、田径和射箭——将首次出现男女混合的项目。

Number Seven. Several new sports are making their Olympic debut⁹ in Tokyo.

第七，会有几个新的项目在东京奥运会首次亮相。

The IOC has introduced skateboarding, surfboarding, freestyle BMX, sport climbing, karate¹⁰, and three-on-three basketball as part of a larger effort to attract younger viewers and inspire younger athletes to compete in the Olympic Games.

国际奥委会推出了滑板、冲浪、自由式小轮车、运动攀岩、空手道和三对三篮球等项目以吸引更年轻的观众，并激励更年轻的运动员参加奥运会。

Baseball and softball, immensely popular in Japan, are returning for the first time since 2008 because the Olympics host country gets to select one sport.

因为奥运会主办国可以选择一项运动，所以在日本非常受欢迎的棒球和垒球将自2008年以来首次回归。

Number Eight. The approximately 11,000 athletes competing in the 2020 Summer Olympics will include Kenya's Eliud Kipchoge, the only person to run a marathon in under two hours,

第八，在约1.1万名参加2020年夏季奥运会的运动员当中，其中包括唯一能在两小时内跑完马拉松的肯尼亚运动员埃利乌德·基普乔格，

tennis phenom Naomi Osaka, who takes the court for Japan, and Cuba-born, Polish citizen Wilfredo Leon, who helped turn the Polish men's volleyball team into the second best in the world.

代表日本参加比赛的网球天才大阪直美，以及帮助波兰男子排球队成为世界第二的古巴出生的波兰公民威尔弗雷多·莱昂。

Team USA is made up of more than 600 athletes, including stars such as gymnast Simone Biles, sprinter¹¹ Alyson Felix, skateboarder Nyjah Huston and swimmer Katie Ledecky.

美国代表队由600多名运动员组成，其中包括体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯、短跑运动员艾莉森·菲利克斯、滑板运动员尼雅·休斯顿和游泳运动员凯蒂·雷德基等明星。

Number Nine. Tokyo 2020 will be the first time an openly transgender athlete will be competing.

第九，2020年东京奥运会将是变性运动员首次公开参加的比赛。

Laurel Hubbard will compete in weightlifting, representing New Zealand.

劳雷尔·哈伯德将代表新西兰参加举重比赛。

And finally, number Ten. Around 5,000 medals have been produced for the 2020 Olympics and Paralympic Games, all made from recycled electronics¹².

最后，第十，2020年奥运会和残奥会约有5000枚奖牌，全部由回收的电子产品制成。

It's impossible to know what the final total of medals awarded will be until competition is complete, as some sports -- like boxing, judo¹³ and wrestling -- award two bronze medals and ties -- where one or more medals could be awarded -- are possible in other events.

在比赛结束之前我们不可能知道最终的奖牌总数，因为有一些体育项目，比如拳击、柔道和摔跤，会因出现平局而颁发两枚铜牌，而在其他项目中可能会颁发一枚或多枚奖牌。

For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Tim McPhillips.

这里是PBS新闻一小时，我是蒂姆·麦克菲利普斯。

1 venues   

n.聚集地点( venue的名词复数 )；会场；（尤指）体育比赛场所；犯罪地点

参考例句：

• The band will be playing at 20 different venues on their UK tour. 这个乐队在英国巡回演出期间将在20个不同的地点演出。
• Farmers market corner, 800 meters long, 60 meters wide livestock trading venues. 农牧市场东北角，有长800米，宽60米的牲畜交易场地。 来自互联网

2 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

3 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

4 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。

5 spectators   

n.观众，旁观者( spectator的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The spectators were wilting visibly in the hot sun. 看得出观众在炎热的阳光下快支撑不住了。
• The policemen asked the spectators to stand well back. 警察要求旁观者靠后站。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 anthem   

n.圣歌，赞美诗，颂歌

参考例句：

• All those present were standing solemnly when the national anthem was played.奏国歌时全场肃立。
• As he stood on the winner's rostrum,he sang the words of the national anthem.他站在冠军领奖台上，唱起了国歌。

7 refugee   

n.难民，流亡者

参考例句：

• The refugee was condemned to a life of wandering.这个难民注定要过流浪的生活。
• The refugee is suffering for want of food and medical supplies.难民苦于缺少食物和医药用品。

8 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

9 debut   

n.首次演出，初次露面

参考例句：

• That same year he made his Broadway debut, playing a suave radio journalist.在那同一年里，他初次在百老汇登台，扮演一个温文而雅的电台记者。
• The actress made her debut in the new comedy.这位演员在那出新喜剧中首次登台演出。

10 karate   

n.空手道(日本的一种徒手武术)

参考例句：

• Alice's boyfriend knew a little karate.艾丽斯的男朋友懂一点儿空手道。
• The black belt is the highest level in karate.黑腰带级是空手道的最高级别。

11 sprinter   

n.短跑运动员，短距离全速奔跑者

参考例句：

• He is more a sprinter than a swimmer. 他是短跑健将，而不是游泳选手。 来自辞典例句
• The sprinter himself thinks he can run the race at 9.4 seconds. 这位短跑运动员自认为可以用9.4秒跑完比赛。 来自互联网

12 electronics   

n.电子器件，电子学，电子技术

参考例句：

• About 45000 people worked in electronics in Scotland.苏格兰约有4.5万人在电子行业工作。
• He wants to brush up his knowledge of electronics.他想温习他的电子学知识。

13 judo   

n.柔道

参考例句：

• The judo is a kind of fighting sport.柔道是一种对抗性体育活动。
• Which is more important in judo, strength or techniques?柔道运动中，力量和技术哪个更重要？