PBS高端访谈:为什么美国国会发生暴乱

Advance warnings of violence ignored, an unprepared Capitol Police force, a president who for three hours refused to tell the mob to disperse¹,

提前发出的暴力警告被忽视，毫无准备的国会警察部队，三个小时拒绝疏散暴民的总统，

and hundreds of personal threats against election officials across the country over the past nine months.

在过去的九个月里，全国各地发生了数百起针对选举官员的个人威胁。

These are just some of the findings in a new three-part investigation² by The Washington Post into the forces that led to the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol.

这只是《华盛顿邮报》对导致美国国会大厦暴动的武装力量进行的一项新调查（总共三部分）的部分结果。

Here to walk us through it is one of the more than two dozen reporters who worked on the project, The Post's senior Washington correspondent, Philip Rucker.

下面是参与该项目的20多名记者之一，邮报华盛顿高级记者菲利普·拉克。

Phil Rucker, welcome back to the "NewsHour."

菲利普·拉克，欢迎回到《新闻一小时》

Thank you so much for being here.

非常感谢你们来到这里。

So, there has already been, as you know, so much reporting on January 6.

正如你们所知，1月6日已经有很多报道了。

There have been investigations³.

已经进行了调查。

Why did The Post decide to do an additional deep accounting⁴?

为什么《华盛顿邮报》决定做额外的深入调查?

A couple of reasons, Judy. And thanks for having me here.

有几个原因，朱迪。 谢谢你邀请我来。

First, there was more information to learn.

首先，有更多的信息需要了解。

We talked to more than 230 sources in the government,

我们和政府的230多个线人谈过，

other key officials and figures who were involved in the run-up to January 6, the event itself, the aftermath.

也和参与1月6日之前的准备工作的其他重要官员和人物就事件本身以及后果谈过。

We reviewed thousands of pages of court documents and other internal records at the FBI

我们查看了数千页的法庭文件和联邦调查局的其他内部记录

and Justice Department and found out scores of new details about what led to the attack,

并发现了大量导致袭击的新细节，

the aftermath of it and, most importantly, I think, some of the red flags that were ignored by the FBI, the DOJ and the other agencies in those days before January 6.

我认为，最重要的是，在1月6日之前的那些日子里，联邦调查局、司法部和其他机构忽视了一些危险信号。

Well, let's start with the red flags, because the report says red flags were everywhere beforehand,

我们先从危险信号开始，因为报告说危险信号之前到处都是，

that this was carefully planned from one end of the country to the other.

从这个国家的一端到另一端都是精心策划的。

What's an example of one of those?

有什么例子吗?

For example, on December 20, the FBI got a tip that there had been a threat made against lawmakers, and specifically Senator Mitt⁵ Romney, the Utah Republican

例如，12月20日，联邦调查局收到线报，称有人威胁议员，特别是犹他州共和党参议员米特·罗姆尼

who was sort of enemy numero uno for President Trump⁶ at the time, that people were planning online to wage violence against these lawmakers.

他当时是特朗普总统的头号敌人，人们正计划在网上对这些议员实施暴力。

The FBI closed the case within 48 hours.

FBI在48小时内结案。

They deemed it not a significant enough case to warrant further investigation or action.

他们认为这不是一个重要到需要进一步调查或采取行动的案件。

There was a thought within the FBI and within other law enforcement agencies

联邦调查局和其他执法机构都有这样的想法

that the people coming to Washington January 6 would not actually be as violent as they turned out to be.

1月6日来到华盛顿的人们实际上不会像他们原来那样暴力。

Those red flags were ignored.

这些危险信号被忽略了。

This was the plan they saw to sneak⁷ guns into Washington.

这是他们看到的将枪支偷偷带入华盛顿的最新计划。

There was conversation online about that.

网上有关于这一点的讨论。

There was.And even the morning of January 6, we learned through our review of police chatter⁸ at the U.S. Park Police

有过。甚至在1月6日上午，我们通过对美国国家公园警察警方聊天的审查了解到，

that hundreds of demonstrators, pro-Trump supporters were gathered at the Washington Monument, at the Lincoln Memorial,

数百名示威者和支持特朗普的支持者聚集在林肯纪念堂的华盛顿纪念碑，

and they weren't just gathered for a peaceful protest.

他们不仅仅是为了和平抗议而聚集。

A man was seen with a pitchfork.

有人看到一个人拿着干草叉。

There were others carrying gas masks and other sort of battle gear.

还有其他人携带防毒面具和其他类型的战斗装备。

There were backpacks that were left unattended.

有一些背包没有人照看。

All these are red flags for law enforcement.

所有这些都是执法的危险信号。

And yet they decided⁹ not to act in those hours before what we all saw happening at the Capitol.

然而，在我们都在国会大厦看到发生的事情之前的几个小时里，他们决定不采取行动。

And another disturbing finding, senior -- you mentioned law enforcement -- that senior leaders in law enforcement were taking care not to do or say anything that might aggravate¹⁰ the president.

还有另一个令人不安的发现，一位资深人士-你提到了执法官员-执法部门的高级领导人小心翼翼地不做或说任何可能激怒总统的事情。

And this ended up in some instances of creating a bigger problem.

在某些情况下，这最终会造成更大的问题。

It's exactly right.They didn't want to get on the president's bad side politically.

完全正确。他们不想在政治上站在总统最坏的一边。

They were wary¹¹, of course, of what had happened six months prior at Lafayette Square in the Black Lives Matter protests,

当然，他们对六个月前在拉斐特广场举行的黑人生命也是命抗议活动中发生的事情持谨慎态度，

where there was a sense that the military had become this political prop¹² for President Trump.

当时有一种感觉是，军方没有成为特朗普总统的政治道具。

So they were very sensitive to any suggestion that a decision by law enforcement or the Pentagon could be seen as political in nature.

因此，他们对任何暗示执法部门或五角大楼的决定不能被视为政治性质的暗示都非常敏感。

Hence the delay in getting the National Guard.

所以国民警卫队才会被推迟。

Exactly.

没错。

To the Capitol.And you had then immediately -- or, rather, in the aftermath,

去国会大厦。然后你立即-或者更确切地说，在事后，

you describe how unsubstantiated claims of fraud are now not only believed by so many Americans.

你描述了未经证实的欺诈指控，现在不仅被这么多美国人相信。

They are being actively¹³ promulgated¹⁴ and promoted by some in the media.

一些媒体正在积极发布和宣传。

And one example of that -- and we have a clip of it -- is -- this is FOX News,

其中一个例子-我们已经制作了一段视频-这就是福克斯新闻，

today is starting to stream a new series of reports by its anchor Tucker Carlson, arguing that January 6 was actually an act of patriotism¹⁵.

今天开始播放其主播塔克·卡尔森的一系列新报道，他们辩称1月6日实际上是一种爱国主义行为。

1 disperse   

vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散

参考例句：

• The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

2 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

3 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

4 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

5 mitt   

n.棒球手套，拳击手套，无指手套；vt.铐住，握手

参考例句：

• I gave him a baseball mitt for his birthday.为祝贺他的生日，我送给他一只棒球手套。
• Tom squeezed a mitt and a glove into the bag.汤姆把棒球手套和手套都塞进袋子里。

6 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

7 sneak   

vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行

参考例句：

• He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
• I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。

8 chatter   

vi.／n.喋喋不休；短促尖叫；(牙齿)打战

参考例句：

• Her continuous chatter vexes me.她的喋喋不休使我烦透了。
• I've had enough of their continual chatter.我已厌烦了他们喋喋不休的闲谈。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 aggravate   

vt.加重(剧)，使恶化；激怒，使恼火

参考例句：

• Threats will only aggravate her.恐吓只能激怒她。
• He would only aggravate the injury by rubbing it.他揉擦伤口只会使伤势加重。

11 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

12 prop   

vt.支撑；n.支柱，支撑物；支持者，靠山

参考例句：

• A worker put a prop against the wall of the tunnel to keep it from falling.一名工人用东西支撑住隧道壁好使它不会倒塌。
• The government does not intend to prop up declining industries.政府无意扶持不景气的企业。

13 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

14 promulgated   

v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）

参考例句：

• Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句

15 patriotism   

n.爱国精神，爱国心，爱国主义

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism.他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。