新闻周刊:帮助重返校园的孩子们缓解新冠忧郁(上)

As Kids Head Back to School, Science-Backed Ways to Help Their COVID Blues¹

当孩子们重返校园，用科学的方法帮助他们缓解新冠忧郁

Classrooms are opening this fall, but don't expect it to be anything like a return to pre-pandemic normal.

今年秋季学校恢复开学，但不要期待一切能恢复到疫情前的正常水平。

These kids will be bouncing off the walls.

这些孩子们会无比兴奋。

They'll squirm in their seats, chat while the teacher is talking, horse around in the hallways, talk back and have a harder time than usual in following rules.

他们会在座位上扭来扭去，在老师讲课的时候聊天，在走廊里胡闹，顶嘴，比以往更难遵守规则。

"There will be millions of children returning to our classrooms this fall with an over-activated stress physiology," says Nadine Burke Harris, a former pediatrician and expert on childhood stress who is now California's surgeon general.

纳丁·伯克·哈里斯曾是儿科医生，也是儿童压力方面的专家，现任加州卫生局局长。她说：“今年秋天，将有数百万孩子带着过度活跃的逆境生理回到我们的教室。”

The last year and a half of COVID-19 craziness has had a cumulative² effect on the kids, says Burke Harris.

伯克·哈里斯说，过去一年半的新冠狂潮已经在孩子身上累积了影响。

Come September, the sudden change in routine — from more than a year of home confinement³ and laptop learning to the social pressures of the typical classroom — is likely to unleash⁴ a flood of the stress hormone⁵ cortisol.

等到了9月，日常生活的突然变化——从一年多的家庭禁闭和笔记本电脑学习，到标准课堂社交压力——可能会使大量的压力荷尔蒙皮质醇释放出来。

Add to that the typical excitement of starting a new school year, even some typically quiet, well-behaved students will be anxious, sad, scared and angry, and these emotions may manifest in the classroom as difficulty paying attention, withdrawal⁶, disruptive behavior and absences.

再加上新学年开始时通常会有的兴奋，即使是一些通常很安静、行为规矩的学生也会感到焦虑、悲伤、害怕和生气，这些情绪在课堂上可能表现为难以集中注意力、孤僻、破坏性行为和旷课。

The potentially explosive first days of school will be a challenge for teachers — and for parents, too, in coping with the emotional and behavioral spillover at home.

开学的头几天可能会发生密集地出现一些状况，这对老师来说是一个挑战——对家长来说也是挑战，因为他们要应对孩子在家里时情绪和行为上的表现。

But it will also provide an opportunity to teach the kids more than multiplication⁷ tables and reading assignments.

但这也提供了一个机会，不再只是教孩子们乘法表和阅读作业。

It will be an opportunity to impart a skill that will be important no matter where life takes them: how to bounce back from a difficult experience.

这将是一个传授技能的好机会，无论生活将把他们带到怎样的境况下，这项技能都非常重要：如何从艰难的经历中重新振作起来。

In the coming months, the actions of teachers — along with coaches, pastors⁸, rabbis and, of course, parents — will be crucial in determining which children are able to emerge from the crucible⁹ of COVID having strengthened their resilience, an attribute that has been tested in all of us in recent months.

在接下来的几个月里，教师——以及教练、牧师、拉比，当然还有家长——的行动将变得至关重要，这将决定哪些孩子能够从新冠肺炎的严峻考验中走出来，他们的韧性将得到增强，而近几个月来，我们所有人身上的这一品质都经受了考验。

1 blues   

n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐

参考例句：

• She was in the back of a smoky bar singing the blues.她在烟雾弥漫的酒吧深处唱着布鲁斯歌曲。
• He was in the blues on account of his failure in business.他因事业失败而意志消沉。

2 cumulative   

adj.累积的，渐增的

参考例句：

• This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
• The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。

3 confinement   

n.幽禁，拘留，监禁；分娩；限制，局限

参考例句：

• He spent eleven years in solitary confinement.他度过了11年的单独监禁。
• The date for my wife's confinement was approaching closer and closer.妻子分娩的日子越来越近了。

4 unleash   

vt.发泄，发出；解带子放开

参考例句：

• They hope to create allies to unleash against diseases,pests,and invasive species.他们希望创造出一些新群体来对付疾病、害虫和一些有侵害性的物种。
• Changing water levels now at times unleash a miasma of disease from exposed sewage.如今，大坝不时地改变水位，从暴露的污水释放出了疾病瘴气。

5 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

6 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

7 multiplication   

n.增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法

参考例句：

• Our teacher used to drum our multiplication tables into us.我们老师过去老是让我们反覆背诵乘法表。
• The multiplication of numbers has made our club building too small.会员的增加使得我们的俱乐部拥挤不堪。

8 pastors   

n.（基督教的）牧师( pastor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Do we show respect to our pastors, missionaries, Sunday school teachers? 我们有没有尊敬牧师、宣教士，以及主日学的老师？ 来自互联网
• Should pastors or elders be paid, or serve as a volunteer? 牧师或长老需要付给酬劳，还是志愿的事奉呢？ 来自互联网

9 crucible   

n.坩锅，严酷的考验

参考例句：

• The alliance had been forged in the crucible of war.这个联盟经受了战争的严峻考验。
• Put the required amount of metal into the crucible.把适量的金属放入坩埚。