医学英语轻松学 第6期:先天缺陷

 1 in 33 babies in the US is affected¹ by a major birth defect.

在美国，胎儿先天缺陷的几率为33分之1。

While birth dffects can be genetic², or inherited, some can be caused by things a woman does before or during pregnancy³ such as using alcohol or tobacco,

先天缺陷有可能是基因造成，也有可能是先天遗传造成，女性在怀孕期间抽烟或饮酒，

having uncontrolled diabetes⁴, taking certain medications or being obese⁵ at the beginning of pregnancy.

患有糖尿病，肥胖症，或是在怀孕早期服用某种特定药物，这些都会造成胎儿先天缺陷。

Women can greatly improve their chances of giving birth to a healthy baby by consuming 400mg of the B Vitamin, folic acid every day before and during pregnancy;

在怀孕前后，每天服用400毫克叶酸会大大增加女性孕育健康婴儿的几率；

maintaining a healthy weight, controlling diabetes and abstaining⁷ from alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy.

在怀孕期间保持健康体重，控制糖尿病，忌烟忌酒。

1.birth defect 天生缺陷

例句：Onstage, Mellencamp said he was lucky to be there, and he shared the story of having to undergo lifesaving surgery for a spinal⁸ birth defect at the age of six weeks.

在舞台上，梅伦坎说他对自己能够入选感到荣幸，他然后讲述了自己出生六个星期后因天生脊柱缺陷而不得不做手术的经历。

2.such as 诸如

例句：Heroes such as Huang Jiguang will always live in the hearts of the people.

像黄继光这样的英雄人物， 将永远活在人民的心里。

3.give birth 生育

例句：There are countries in Africa where people live close to health facilities but they give birth at home.

在非洲一些国家，人们住在离卫生机构很近的地方，但却在家里生孩子。

4.abstain⁶ from 禁止

例句：Patrons are requested to abstain from smoking in the restaurant.

顾客请勿在餐馆内抽烟。

1 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

4 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

5 obese   

adj.过度肥胖的，肥大的

参考例句：

• The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了，不能算是健康。
• Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。

6 abstain   

v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免

参考例句：

• His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.他的医生嘱咐他戒酒。
• Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote.三位保守党下院议员投了弃权票。

7 abstaining   

戒（尤指酒），戒除( abstain的现在分词 )； 弃权（不投票）

参考例句：

• Abstaining from killing, from taking what is not given, & from illicIt'sex. 诸比丘！远离杀生，远离不与取，于爱欲远离邪行。
• Abstaining from arguments was also linked to an unusual daily cortisol pattern. 压抑争吵也造成每日异常的皮质醇波动。

8 spinal   

adj.针的，尖刺的，尖刺状突起的；adj.脊骨的，脊髓的

参考例句：

• After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天，就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
• Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。