财经金融新闻 临终关怀陷入窘境

A combination of an underdeveloped palliative care system,

由于中国相对较为落后的临终关怀政策，

lawsuit¹ fears and limited resources means China's terminally ill patients are largely being left to a slow, often painful end to their suffering.

人们害怕有限的资源将让那些生命垂危的病人陷入一个更加痛苦，缓慢的死亡过程。

Chen Xiaolu and Luo Diandian, children of celebrated² senior Communist Party members Chen Yi and Luo Ruiqing,

陈小鲁和罗点点是老一辈革命家陈毅和罗瑞卿的孩子，父亲的死亡都经历了一些不必要的伤痛，

watched their parents die in unnecessary pain, due to political norms decreeing the officials were to be kept alive as long as possible.

由于政治原因，人们必须要尽可能的留住他们的生命。

In recent years, they have led the first awareness³ movements for the concept of dying with dignity,

最近几年，他们刚开始意识到了什么叫作有尊严的死亡，

founding the Beijing Living Will Promotion⁴ Association in 2013 to advocate palliative care.

以至于他们在2013年成立了北京生前预嘱推广协会，从而来促进临终关怀。

Palliative care is a variation of end-of-life care that focuses on providing relief from symptoms and helping⁵ families cope through the illness and bereavement⁶ process.

临终关怀是一种生命晚期的治疗手段，这种治疗方式注重的是减缓病人痛苦，并帮助家人处理好善后事宜。

Palliative care is only just debuting⁷ in China.

这样的临终关怀在中国才刚刚开始。

Unlike the U.S., where use of palliative sedatives⁸ like morphine has been given guidelines, published by the U.S.-based National Comprehensive Cancer Network,

不像美国，根据美国国家综合癌症网络所发表的文章，人们可以使用像吗啡等镇定剂，这也是一项指导方针，

doctors in China do not have access to such guidelines.

而在中国却没有相关的方针政策。

In light of the already tense doctor-patient relationships,

就紧张的医患关系而言，

many doctors would not dare to promote the remedy due to fear of the potential legal and professional consequences.

许多医生不敢实施这样的治疗，这是因为他们害怕牵扯到法律纠纷之中。

Resources for community health care or in-home hospice care are even scarcer.

对于社区医疗中心以及家庭临终关怀的资源更是非常稀缺。

Patients who cannot undergo further surgery,

病人无法进行进一步的手术，

chemotherapy or radiotherapy are often unable to stay in large hospitals

化疗和放射性治疗都无法在大医院中进行，

but a 2013 hospice care study in Shanghai found the city's hospitals are only equipped to provide alternative hospice care to 0.28 percent of cancer patients per year

但是在2013年，上海的一项有关临终关怀的研究发现上海医院只能提供一些可替代的临终关怀，每年能够接收0.28%的癌症病人，

234 patients out of hundreds of thousands.

几万病人中只能够接收234人。

Beijing's Desheng Community Health Care Service Center is the only community health center in Beijing that provides palliative care and its organisational and funding difficulties encapsulate the lack of structural⁹ support.

北京的德胜社区卫生服务中心是北京唯一一家提供临终关怀的社区医疗中心，这家中心在组织结构和资金上都十分困难，并且缺乏支持。

Only two full time doctors provide in-home and in-patient care for 300 patients, primarily with untreatable, advanced-stage cancer and other chronic¹⁰ diseases.

只有两名医生提供在家临终关怀，他们还要救助医院中的300名患者，这些病人大部分都是无法治愈，癌症晚期，或者是其他一些慢性疾病。

The Beijing government disregards hospice care services in official doctor assessments¹¹,

北京政府忽视了临终关怀的服务，

meaning the exhausting workload¹² is almost never adequately compensated¹³, thus reducing incentive¹⁴ for more doctors to contribute.

意思是医生的繁忙工作已经无法增加，所以许多医生就无法顾及临终关怀的服务。

The center charges the Beijing government's standard 40 yuan for house calls but in-home pain assessments,

家庭救护会收取人们40元钱，而一些咨询，

grief counselling and other services are provided for free by trained volunteers because there is no government-mandated fee standard.

和减轻痛苦的咨询都是由志愿者提供的免费治疗，因为政府没有对其进行价格制定。

However, Lu Qi, one of the doctors at Desheng, says they are in dire¹⁵ need of support and that their current expenditure¹⁶ is quickly becoming unsustainable.

但是，德胜医院的陆琪医生说我们急需支持，我们目前的资金快要无法维持了。

Government support for hospice care at a community level could also reduce strain on hospital resources, resulting in economic benefits.

政府对社区的临终关怀的支持也会减少医院资源的紧张感，这也将导致经济增长。

The average 3,100 yuan for in-patient daily fees at smaller Beijing hospitals are priced at about 250 yuan at the Dasheng center, for the same services.

北京小医院平均每天3100元的住院治疗费在德胜大约是250元。

According to researchers at Shanghai's Fudan University, China is expected to have over 400 million senior citizens by 2050,

根据上海复旦大学的研究结果，到2050年，中国预计将有超过4亿老年人，

the world's largest ratio of seniors to the overall population.

这也将达到全球人口比例的最高值。

The need to re-evaluate the care given to those struggling towards the end grows more dire, as the population continues to age and health demands rise.

随着人口老龄化以及医疗卫生服务的增加，人们对临终关怀的关注应该有所增加。

For Caixin Online, this is Christina Guo.

这是克里斯提娜·郭为您带来的财新报道。

1 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

2 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

3 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

4 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

5 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

6 bereavement   

n.亲人丧亡，丧失亲人，丧亲之痛

参考例句：

• the pain of an emotional crisis such as divorce or bereavement 诸如离婚或痛失亲人等情感危机的痛苦
• I sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我对你痛失亲人表示同情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 debuting   

初次表演，初次登台（debut的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• New debuting analog thermostat welding machine, easy to operate. 新登场模拟式调温电焊台，操作简单。
• With the new tablet device that is debuting next week, Apple Inc. 苹果公司的新型平板电脑将于下周发布。

8 sedatives   

n.镇静药，镇静剂( sedative的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A wide variety of mild sedatives and tranquilizers have become available. 现在有许多种镇静剂和安定剂。 来自辞典例句
• Since July 1967 there has been a restriction on the prescribing of sedatives in Australia. 自从1967年7月起，澳大利亚的镇静药处方受到限制。 来自辞典例句

9 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

10 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

11 assessments   

n.评估( assessment的名词复数 )；评价；（应偿付金额的）估定；（为征税对财产所作的）估价

参考例句：

• He was shrewd in his personal assessments. 他总能对人作出精明的评价。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Surveys show about two-thirds use such assessments, while half employ personality tests. 调查表明，约有三分之二的公司采用了这种测评；而一半的公司则采用工作人员个人品质测试。 来自百科语句

12 workload   

n.作业量，工作量

参考例句：

• An assistant one day a week would ease my workload.每周有一天配一个助手就会减轻我的工作负担。
• He's always grousing about the workload.他总是抱怨工作量大。

13 compensated   

补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）

参考例句：

• The marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script. 本剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。
• I compensated his loss with money. 我赔偿他经济损失。

14 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

15 dire   

adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的

参考例句：

• There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
• We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。

16 expenditure   

n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗

参考例句：

• The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把一切开支入账。
• The monthly expenditure of our family is four hundred dollars altogether.我们一家的开销每月共计四百元。