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PBS高端访谈:音乐产业能不能挽救流媒体的改革?

时间:2017-02-06 03:17来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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  JUDY WOODRUFF: One recent spike1 in broadband usage is music. When you want to listen to a song today, you don't have to buy a copy or even download it anymore. Increasingly, you stream it. And that has led to a profound shift in the industry that is disrupting how music is made, distributed, consumed, and how artists can make a living.
  Hari Sreenivasan takes a look at the new emerging model. It's a topic we will be coming back to again and again in a series we're calling Music on Demand.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: Music has been part of Rosanne Cash's entire life, from the career of her father, Johnny Cash, to her own. She has 11 number one country singled and a new album with three Grammy nominations2.
  For most of her career, Cash has made a good living from traditional album sales and live concerts, but, today, it's a very different world for Cash and other artists. It's a world where listeners stream music over the Internet at their computers, through their phones, in their cars, all instead of owning it.
  ROSANNE CASH: It's changed how we artists and musicians make a living. And, in 1999, the music industry was a $14 billion industry. Today, it's half that. It's valued at half that.
  There's a feeling now, a concept that music should be free, that it's like oxygen, everyone should have access to it. Everyone should have access, but should it be free?
  HARI SREENIVASAN: That's the question artists are grappling with as they place their catalogue on streaming services, such as Spotify, Google Play, and YouTube, as well as radio-like services Pandora and Rdio, Songza and others.
  These services offer a free version or premium3 accounts without ads for about $10 a month. What many consumers may not know is that every time an artist's song is streamed, just a tiny fraction of a cent is paid out to the record company, and then divided between the songwriters, publishers, and performers.
  So how much does that translate to? If your work is played a few hundred thousand times, what's the check that you get in the mail?
  ROSANNE CASH: OK. For an 18-month period, I had 600,000 streams, and I was paid $104.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: One hundred and four dollars…
  ROSANNE CASH: Yes.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: … for 600,000 streams?
  ROSANNE CASH: Yes.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: Aloe Blacc co-wrote the 2013 hit song “Wake Me Up.” It quickly became one of the most streamed songs in Pandora's history, but in an article for “Wired” magazine, Blacc wrote — quote — “It takes roughly one million spins on Pandora for a songwriter to earn just $90. In return for co-writing a major hit song, I have earned less than $4,000 domestically from the largest digital music service.”
  The issue came to a head in November, when pop star Taylor Swift, the industry's biggest moneymaker, pulled her entire catalog from Spotify, shortly after the release of her platinum4 album “1989.” While superstars like Taylor Swift can still sell albums, the battle over the role of streaming comes at a brutally5 painful moment for the industry.
  Last year, album sales fell 9 percent. Individual track downloads on iTunes, Google, and Amazon also fell by 12 percent. Streaming is the only part of the music industry seeing revenue growth. In 2014, it grew by 54 percent, and it now accounts for 27 percent of the entire industry's revenue.
  Spotify is one of these streaming services seeing exponential growth. Unlike Internet radio services, it allows users to stream any song on their service at any time. It currently has 60 million users.
  I met Ken6 Parks, the chief content manager and managing director of Spotify for the U.S., at their New York offices. I asked him what his pitch was to record companies, how he got them to put their artists' work into the service.
  KEN PARKS, Chief Content Officer, Spotify: And we said, look, this is a generation that you have lost. What needs to be done in order to rebuild this industry and restore it to its former glory and to make it even bigger is to reengage this lost generation.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: Just a few avenues away is Elias Roman, the co-founder7 of the streaming app Songza, which Google bought last July. He is now a content manager at Google Play Music, that company's streaming service.
  ELIAS ROMAN, Co-Founder, Songza: There's an NPD study that found a digital music buyer will spend about $55 a year on music. It's not a bad number. A subscriber8 to Google Play Music, they're going to pay $120 a year. So, question, if we can get people through the funnel9 to be a subscriber to a great music service, they're a really high-value customer, a really high-value customer.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: From the paying customer, Spotify and Google pay about 70 percent of that $120 a year to record labels. They also point to a new generation of artists, like the Norwegian pop duo Nico & Vinz.
  Their summer hit “Am I Wrong' was at the top of the Billboard10 charts for weeks and has more than 200 million streams on the Spotify service alone.
  KAHOULY NICOLAY SEREBA, Nico & Vinz: Streaming to me is — you know, to an artist right now, it's a blessing11, because you're able to reach so many people with just you putting a song out on the Internet and it can go from there. “Am I Wrong” is one of those songs that just flew by itself. It just went on by itself. People started sharing it, and that's because of streaming.
  VINCENT DERY, Nico & Vinz: I think it's a perfect way for new artists, too, to get their music out.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: While Nico and Vinz have seen success through streaming, some artists say streaming services could be the new snake oil salesman.
  LARRY KIRWAN, Black 47: It used to be it was the fat guys in suits and the pinkie rings blowing cigar smoke at you up on 57th Street. But those guys were invested, in a way, because they wanted a piece of your action. They wanted a piece of your intellectual property.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: Larry Kirwan the lead singer for Black 47, an Irish rock band that played live shows throughout New York City for 25 years, until calling it quits this past November.
  LARRY KIRWAN: The new streaming services, they — they don't care about your intellectual property. They just want to give it away. They want to make money out of giving a service that they will make money out of. And it doesn't work for the musician. For the — for the regular musician, it's not working.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: So these are — this is sort of your, what, wall of fame?
  Daniel Glass is the founder of Glassnote Records, an indie record label that represents Grammy Award winners Mumford & Sons and Phoenix12, among others. He says streaming is now crucial for fans to discover his artists.
  DANIEL GLASS, Glassnote Records: So, we have a new artist, for example, who released a record a few weeks ago named Robert DeLong, put a song out called “Long Way Down.” As soon as Spotify put it on their big playlist, their worldwide — the amount of streams quadrupled. We have been up 214 percent three weeks in a row in streams because it's been highlighted, it's been curated, then playlisted.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: And the more his artists' songs are streamed, the more ticket they say buy to concerts, which Glass says is exactly what happened with Robert DeLong.
  DANIEL GLASS: His live sales, the tickets went on sale, as soon as streaming services got involved and radio got involved, tickets sold — tickets to every show sold out.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: Ken Parks of Spotify says that streaming can reinvigorate sales for established artists as well.
  KEN PARKS: You take older artists as well with amazing catalogues — Pink Floyd would be a good example — they're using this platform to reconnect with generations that maybe never heard of them and haven't experienced the magic of those catalogues.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: But the digital folks will say, listen, now if you're in a garage with your laptop, you could make a track that a million people see, and that will get you the support and the audience that will support you and buy your tickets and go to your shows.
  ROSANNE CASH: OK, that's the exposure argument, which I have heard a million times. I just don't buy it. What about artists who don't need exposure? I found my audience. I'm not going to be Madonna. Don't want to be, you know, but I still want my music to get out there and have people purchase it, so that I can continue making it.
  Streaming is here to stay. We're not Luddites. We don't want to turn back the clock.
  HARI SREENIVASAN: In fact, the industry will clearly continue to wrestle13 with fundamental questions about its business model in the digital aid. Last year, Americans streamed 164 million songs, and streaming services say the number paying for that music will only go up.
  Hari Sreenivasan, in New York City, for the PBS NewsHour.

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spike lTNzO     
n.长钉,钉鞋;v.以大钉钉牢,使...失效
参考例句:
  • The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
  • They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。
2 nominations b4802078efbd3da66d5889789cd2e9ca     
n.提名,任命( nomination的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句
3 premium EPSxX     
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
参考例句:
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
4 platinum CuOyC     
n.白金
参考例句:
  • I'll give her a platinum ring.我打算送给她一枚白金戒指。
  • Platinum exceeds gold in value.白金的价值高于黄金。
5 brutally jSRya     
adv.残忍地,野蛮地,冷酷无情地
参考例句:
  • The uprising was brutally put down.起义被残酷地镇压下去了。
  • A pro-democracy uprising was brutally suppressed.一场争取民主的起义被残酷镇压了。
6 ken k3WxV     
n.视野,知识领域
参考例句:
  • Such things are beyond my ken.我可不懂这些事。
  • Abstract words are beyond the ken of children.抽象的言辞超出小孩所理解的范围.
7 Founder wigxF     
n.创始者,缔造者
参考例句:
  • He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
8 subscriber 9hNzJK     
n.用户,订户;(慈善机关等的)定期捐款者;预约者;签署者
参考例句:
  • The subscriber to a government loan has got higher interest than savings. 公债认购者获得高于储蓄的利息。 来自辞典例句
  • Who is the subscriber of that motto? 谁是那条座右铭的签字者? 来自辞典例句
9 funnel xhgx4     
n.漏斗;烟囱;v.汇集
参考例句:
  • He poured the petrol into the car through a funnel.他用一个漏斗把汽油灌入汽车。
  • I like the ship with a yellow funnel.我喜欢那条有黄烟囱的船。
10 billboard Ttrzj     
n.布告板,揭示栏,广告牌
参考例句:
  • He ploughed his energies into his father's billboard business.他把精力投入到父亲的广告牌业务中。
  • Billboard spreads will be simpler and more eye-catching.广告牌广告会比较简单且更引人注目。
11 blessing UxDztJ     
n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿
参考例句:
  • The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
  • A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。
12 phoenix 7Njxf     
n.凤凰,长生(不死)鸟;引申为重生
参考例句:
  • The airline rose like a phoenix from the ashes.这家航空公司又起死回生了。
  • The phoenix worship of China is fetish worship not totem adoration.中国凤崇拜是灵物崇拜而非图腾崇拜。
13 wrestle XfLwD     
vi.摔跤,角力;搏斗;全力对付
参考例句:
  • He taught his little brother how to wrestle.他教他小弟弟如何摔跤。
  • We have to wrestle with difficulties.我们必须同困难作斗争。
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TAG标签:   PBS  访谈
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