PBS高端访谈:夏威夷的观赏鱼产业引起了争议

 　　MIKE TAIBBI: What's not to love? So beautiful, colorful, mesmerizing¹ in their movements…miniature works of living art that can thrive and entertain for years! They're, Koles, Longnose Butterflies, and a variety of Tangs…Immortalized by Hollywood in the 2003 animated² hit Finding Nemo.

　　FINDING NEMO CLIP: Look something shiny! Where?

　　MIKE TAIBBI: Today, there are tens of millions of tropical reef fish living in more than two million saltwater tanks in homes and restaurants and corporate³ lobbies across the world, the majority in the US…and of course in big aquariums⁵ open to the public.

　　But before any of these fish end up here, someone has to go out and catch them… As they do here in the aquarium⁴ fishery off of the West Coast of the Big Island of Hawai'i. It's the richest such fishery anywhere in US waters.

　　66 year-old Tony Nahacky and his partner Luciano Perino are among the more than four dozen or so collectors who have state permits to take reef fish. They have been at it for decades. And they're not just collectors…they select, prepare and ship the catch of other aquarium fishermen as well.

　　TONY NAHACKY: I love aquariums. I still help people with their aquariums. They love their aquariums just the way people, like, love their dogs, love their cats, love other pets, you know?

　　MIKE TAIBBI: This love affair, though, is not rooted in Hawaiian history or culture, and it's hardly universally cheered.

　　Environmental activists⁶ like scuba⁷ instructor⁸ Rene Umberger have been trying for years to get the aquarium fishery banned outright…

　　RENE UMBERGER: Obviously, it's destructive.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: And you want it out of business?

　　RENE UMBERGER: I want it all gone… not just Hawaii.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: But in Hawaii the debate over aquarium collecting has reached a flashpoint.

　　Last May, Umberger was documenting fish collecting and possible damage to the reefs as part of a team organized by the eco-activist group Sea Shepherd, when she says she was suddenly rushed by one of the collectors 50 feet below the surface.

　　We reviewed the video with her.

　　RENE UMBERGER: This one sees me, and starts charging, rips out my air…

　　MIKE TAIBBI: And that's your camera?

　　RENE UMBERGER: That was my camera so it's all topsy turvy because I'm disoriented, trying to find my air.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: The video was widely seen in TV news reports, and focused attention once more on an issue that's been controversial in Hawaii for years: the impact of the aquarium fishery on Hawaii's living reefs, on the popular fish species that call those reefs home, and on Hawaii's biggest industry: tourism.

　　Dr. Bill Walsh, a state marine⁹ biologist, is a defender¹⁰ of the way Hawaii has managed the fishery.

　　DR. BILL WALSH: The number of collectors has increased over that period of time. The number of fish being taken out and the number of fish present on the reef have increased. So it's a really powerful statement that things are working.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: It's been working, Walsh says, since 1999, when in response to studies showing several species of reef fish were being severely¹¹ depleted¹², Hawaii closed around a third of the Kona coast to collectors, establishing “fish replenishment¹³ areas,',while the rest of the coast remained open to fish collection.

　　And two years ago, in the open areas, another key step: the state limited the number of ornamental¹⁴ species that could be taken from hundreds…to just 40.

　　The results? Dr. Walsh says extensive surveys show for example that the numbers of Yellow Tang, by far the most popular species taken, are way up overall in the past 15 years. Opponents emphasize that in the areas open to collecting, there are still many fewer Yellow Tangs than in the closed areas.

　　At this point in this long running controversy¹⁵ there are still few facts that are not in dispute. But it is now less about those facts, disputed or otherwise, than it is about the stubbornly opposing answers to a single question: Should there be an aquarium fishery at all?”

　　RENE UMBERGER: This is wildlife trafficking for the pet trade.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: But that”s a distance linguistically¹⁶ that you're side has been willing to go.

　　RENE UMBERGER: Yes.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: A ‘trafficker'… that's a word that's laden¹⁷ with meaning… ‘human traffickers, drug traffickers'

　　RENE UMBERGER: Yes, that's right.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: And she's not alone in her opposition¹⁸ to aquarium collecting. Native Hawaiians like Willie Kaupiko and his son Kaimi have lined up firmly against the reef collectors, saying from their fishing village of Milolii that that kind of fishing has no place in their history or traditions.

　　WILLIE KAUPIKO: You know, whatever you take, you're gonna eat.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: Only fish for food, you're saying?

　　WILLIE KAUPIKO: Yes, yes, we don't play with the fish. The ocean was our ice box as well as our garden, and we need to protect the resources and the ocean.

　　KAIMI KAUPIKO: They belong on the reef. That's where they belong. And they are part of our family,you know what I mean? They are part of us.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: While opinions can differ on this issue, as they do about sportfishing, and hunting, and about collecting other kinds of pets, Dr. Walsh says this is a legitimate¹⁹ and increasingly important fishery… and that he's frustrated²⁰ at an opposition he says is based on misinformation.

　　DR. BILL WALSH: Why is the aquarium fishery so egregious²¹ compared to other things that we do? And a lot of it is because you get some people just kinda whipping up this frenzy²² of enmity towards the fishery, without really relying on solid information.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: Now the debate has taken another new turn that could spell the end of this fishery, collectors say.

　　RENE UMBERGER: Evidence shows death within the supply chain from reef to retailer²³ are likely over 100,000 fish before getting into a hobby tank…

　　MIKE TAIBBI: Umberger testified on behalf of a new local bill that would require fish are shipped in at least a gallon of water and would prohibit “withholding food from aquarium life for more than twenty-four hours.” And now the Hawaii State Legislature is considering several other bills that would ban or place restrictions²⁴ on how these fish are collected and shipped.

　　Tony Nahacky, as both a fisherman and a shipper with nearly 5 decades' experience, says he worries the changes could be economically fatal to fishermen.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: You couldn't do business that way?

　　TONY NAHACKY: We couldn't do business, in the manner that we do.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: He showed us how his supply chain works:

　　First, there's the actual collecting along the reef… individual fish chosen by size, species, and desirability and taken by hand using nets.

　　In the warehouse²⁵ they're bagged and sealed – this three inch fish in about a pint²⁶ of oxygenated water. A gallon, as some legislation would require, could increase shipping²⁷ costs eight-fold, Nahacky estimates.

　　Some fish, like this Naso Tang have their bladders squeezed so as not to foul²⁸ their shipping water with waste, a danger Nahacky also says would be imposed by feeding requirements.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: After being collected, acclimated²⁹, selected and packed for shipment, these fish are headed to paris and to wholesale³⁰ distributors throughout europe. From the ocean to those wholesalers' tanks— perhaps ten days.

　　Nahacky says that of the 8,000 fish he shipped just to the US mainland last year, the loss ratio was under one per cent. He concedes that not all collectors may follow the rules as closely as he does, but that overall the Hawaii aquarium fishery is a model of management around the world.

　　Umberger, not surprisingly, challenges Nahacky's fish mortality figures.

　　RENE UMBERGER: I would not give a lot of weight to one person who gives you those numbers.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: But if new restrictions are passed and survive any legal challenges, Tony Nahacky and his fellow collectors could be done on the Big Island.

　　A lot of the activists, environmentalists would say, “we don't believe it's right to collect fish so that rich people can look at them in tanks.” That's it, that's the position.

　　TONY NAHACKY: So– you can characterize at that– as rich people have these aquariums. But it doesn't cover the av– average person– that buys these fish and totally loves their aquariums.

　　MIKE TAIBBI: For now, Tony and Luciano go out in their little skiff, as they have for so many years, to collect dozens more of these colorful fish… And if it ends for them?

　　Dedicated³¹ hobbyists will likely find what they seek, possibly from other countries or sources. Maybe not from these men. Maybe not from here.

1 mesmerizing   

adj.有吸引力的，有魅力的v.使入迷( mesmerize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• I think you must be mesmerizing me, Charles. 查尔斯，我想你一定在对我施催眠术啦。 来自辞典例句
• The attendant one-dimensional wave equation has mesmerizing harmonic properties. 伴生的一元波平衡具有迷人的和谐特性。 来自电影对白

2 animated   

adj.生气勃勃的，活跃的，愉快的

参考例句：

• His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion.他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。
• We had an animated discussion over current events last evening.昨天晚上我们热烈地讨论时事。

3 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

4 aquarium   

n.水族馆，养鱼池，玻璃缸

参考例句：

• The first time I saw seals was in an aquarium.我第一次看见海豹是在水族馆里。
• I'm going to the aquarium with my parents this Sunday.这个星期天，我要和父母一起到水族馆去。

5 aquariums   

n.养鱼缸，水族馆( aquarium的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Biotope aquariums represent the natural environments of ornamental fish. 生态鱼缸表现出观赏鱼的自然生活环境。 来自互联网
• There are aquariums in many cities in the world. 世界上好多城市有水族馆。 来自互联网

6 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 scuba   

n.水中呼吸器

参考例句：

• I first got hooked on scuba diving when I was twelve.12岁时我开始迷上了带水中呼吸器潜水。
• While on honeymoon in Bali,she learned to scuba dive.她在巴厘岛度蜜月时学会了带水肺潜水。

8 instructor   

n.指导者，教员，教练

参考例句：

• The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。
• The skiing instructor was a tall,sunburnt man.滑雪教练是一个高高个子晒得黑黑的男子。

9 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

10 defender   

n.保卫者，拥护者，辩护人

参考例句：

• He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。
• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。

11 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

12 depleted   

adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Food supplies were severely depleted. 食物供应已严重不足。
• Both teams were severely depleted by injuries. 两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。

13 replenishment   

n.补充(货物)

参考例句：

• Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象，战时人口正该补充。
• Natural replenishment of this vast supply of underground water occurs very slowly. 靠自然补充大量地下水是十分缓慢的。

14 ornamental   

adj.装饰的；作装饰用的；n.装饰品；观赏植物

参考例句：

• The stream was dammed up to form ornamental lakes.溪流用水坝拦挡起来,形成了装饰性的湖泊。
• The ornamental ironwork lends a touch of elegance to the house.铁艺饰件为房子略添雅致。

15 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

16 linguistically   

adv. 语言的, 语言学的

参考例句：

• But this group is linguistically, culturally, and even genetically diverse. 但这个人群在语言上，文化上，甚至在遗传上都是多样化的。
• Like the EU, Belgium is linguistically and culturally divided. 与欧盟一样，比利时是个多语言、多文化的地区。

17 laden   

adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的

参考例句：

• He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

18 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

19 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

20 frustrated   

adj.挫败的，失意的，泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的过去式和过去分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. 这个工作很容易令人懊恼。
• The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。 来自《简明英汉词典》

21 egregious   

adj.非常的，过分的

参考例句：

• When it comes to blatant lies,there are none more egregious than budget figures.谈到公众谎言，没有比预算数字更令人震惊的。
• What an egregious example was here!现摆着一个多么触目惊心的例子啊。

22 frenzy   

n.疯狂，狂热，极度的激动

参考例句：

• He was able to work the young students up into a frenzy.他能激起青年学生的狂热。
• They were singing in a frenzy of joy.他们欣喜若狂地高声歌唱。

23 retailer   

n.零售商(人)

参考例句：

• What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢？
• The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。

24 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

25 warehouse   

n.仓库；vt.存入仓库

参考例句：

• We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
• The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。

26 pint   

n.品脱

参考例句：

• I'll have a pint of beer and a packet of crisps, please.我要一品脱啤酒和一袋炸马铃薯片。
• In the old days you could get a pint of beer for a shilling.从前，花一先令就可以买到一品脱啤酒。

27 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

28 foul   

adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规

参考例句：

• Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
• What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气！

29 acclimated   

v.使适应新环境，使服水土服水土，适应( acclimate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The rice has been acclimated in this area. 水稻已能适应这一地区的环境。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Have you become acclimated to Taiwan yet? 你已适应台湾的环境了吗？ 来自辞典例句

30 wholesale   

n.批发；adv.以批发方式；vt.批发，成批出售

参考例句：

• The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物，以零售价卖出。
• Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。

31 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。