世界节假日博览 第113期:世界献血日

 Millions of people are alive today because they received the blood given by another person. June 14 is World Blood Donor¹ Day. This is the day on which we can say thank you to those who give blood. Every country raises awareness² of the importance of giving blood. Most blood donors³ give blood voluntarily, but some countries pay for people to give blood. Doctors say the blood from unpaid⁴ donors is generally safer. The blood donation system is pretty much the same all around the world. You give blood and then get a free cup of tea, and perhaps a biscuit. There is a greater need for blood in developing countries. Under 40% of the world’s blood supply comes from the developing world, where 82% of the world’s population live.

通过献血，数百万生命得以挽救。每年的6月14日为世界献血日。我们要对献血者说声谢谢。所有国家都提高了对献血的重视程度。多数献血者自愿献血，但许多国家为有偿献血。医生称无偿献血者通常较为安全。全球献血体制几乎一样。献血后，工作人员会给你一杯免费茶，或许还有饼干。在发展中国家，对于血的需要尤为突出。对于发展中国家，全球血液供应量不到40%，而却占据了全球82%的人口。

Blood is, of course, the red liquid that makes some of us faint when we see it. It delivers oxygen and vital nutrients⁵, such as glucose⁶, amino acids, and fatty acids, to our body's cells. It also carries away waste products, like carbon dioxide, from our cells to keep our body clean. Seven per cent of our body weight is blood. The average adult has about five litres of blood. Our heart pumps blood around our body at high speed. It travels through a system of arteries⁷ and veins⁸, that reach every part of our body. Our blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. When we cut ourselves, it is the job of platelets to clot⁹ the blood to stop us bleeding. We all have one of four different blood types. If we are given a different blood type, we’ll die.

有人看见红色液体（血）会出现眩晕情况。通过血液传播，氧气以及像葡萄糖、氨基酸以及脂肪酸等重要营养物可传递到细胞中。它还可清除细胞中的废物，像二氧化碳等废物可通过血液清除，保持身体清洁干净。体重的7%为血液。成人平均血液含量为五升。心脏高速运转血液。穿过动脉和静脉系统流经全身。血液由红细胞、白细胞以及血小板组成。一旦身体被划破，血小板会帮助凝结血液，止住流血。人类共有四种血液类型。一旦血液不匹配，死亡情况就会发生。

1.fatty acid 脂肪酸

例句：GC-MS was used to detect the fatty acid composition and content.

并采用GC-MS法检测了油脂的脂肪酸组成和含量。

2.amino acid 氨基酸

例句：Protein amino acid content of two components¹⁰, namely, cystine and methionine.

蛋白质中有两个含硫的氨基酸组成成分，即胱氨酸和蛋氨酸。

3.such as 例如

例句：Trees such as spruce, pine and oak have been planted.

种植了云杉、松树和橡树等树木。

4.stop doing 停止做

例句：Hearing the doorbell,she stopped washing the dishes.

听见门铃声，她停止洗碗了。

1 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

2 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

3 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 unpaid   

adj.未付款的，无报酬的

参考例句：

• Doctors work excessive unpaid overtime.医生过度加班却无报酬。
• He's doing a month's unpaid work experience with an engineering firm.他正在一家工程公司无偿工作一个月以获得工作经验。

5 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 glucose   

n.葡萄糖

参考例句：

• I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
• The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。

7 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 veins   

n.纹理；矿脉( vein的名词复数 )；静脉；叶脉；纹理

参考例句：

• The blood flows from the capillaries back into the veins. 血从毛细血管流回静脉。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I felt a pleasant glow in all my veins from the wine. 喝过酒后我浑身的血都热烘烘的，感到很舒服。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

10 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。