2019年双语新闻 为什么大多语音助手都是“女声”？

Making Siri a genderless helper

为什么大多语音助手都是“女声”？

When was the last time you heard a "male" voice assistant?

上一次你听见“男性”语音助手的声音，是什么时候？

Chances are never, as most of the artificial intelligence (AI) we're used to hearing is "female", like Apple's Siri or Amazon's Alexa.

很有可能你从没听过这样的声音，因为我们所使用的大多数人工智能助手都是“女性”的声音，比如苹果的Siri和亚马逊的Alexa。

However, a new UN study argues that this shows a negative gender¹ bias².

但联合国的一份新研究却认为，这体现了一种负面的性别歧视。

The UNESCO report has looked into the effect of having female voice assistants,

这份联合国教科文组织的报告调查了使用女性语音助手所带来的影响，

saying they encourage the idea that women typically hold assistant jobs and that they should be "docile³".

认为它们助长了女性大多做着助理工作，并且就应当“温顺听话”的想法。

"Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager-to-please helpers,

“由于大多数语音助手都是女声，这传递出了一种信号：女性都是乐于助人、温顺听话、急欲取悦他人的助手形象，

available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like 'hey' or 'OK'," said the report.

轻轻一点或者用生硬的语音命令（如“嘿”、“OK”）便可唤来，”该报告表示。

Meanwhile, by naming voice assistants with traditionally female names, like Alexa and Siri, tech companies have also strengthened stereotypes⁴ of women, according to the report.

与此同时，该报道认为，科技公司用Alexa、Siri等传统女性名字为语音助手命名，这样的做法也强化了对于女性的刻板印象。

For example, in Norwegian, Siri means "a beautiful woman who leads you to victory", according to The Week magazine.

比如，据《周刊报道》杂志报道，在挪威语中，Siri意为“一位引领你走向成功的美丽女子”。

The stereotypes caused by female voice assistants have raised concerns.

这种由女性语音助手所导致的刻板印象已经引发了关注。

"Stereotypes do matter because they come back to affect how young girls and young women see themselves and the way they have dreams and aspirations⁵ for the future.

“刻板印象的确影响重大，因为它们会再度影响年轻女性看待自己的方式，以及她们未来的梦想与志向。

It's almost like going back to the image of women that was held in the 1950s or 1960s,"

这种刻板印象几乎退回到了上世纪50、60年代所认为的女性形象，”

UNESCO's gender equality director, Saniye Gulser Corat, told Time magazine.

联合国教科文组织性别平等部负责人萨尼耶·居尔瑟·克拉特在接受《时代周刊》杂志采访时如此表示。

It's believed that the problem is a result of the fact that there are not so many women workers in the tech field.

人们认为，这一问题源于科技领域女性员工不多的现实因素。

Currently, 80 percent of AI professors are men, while just 15 percent of AI research workers at Facebook and 10 percent at Google are women, according to a New York University report in April.

据纽约大学今年四月的一项报告显示，如今，80%的人工智能教授为男性，在脸书或谷歌就职的人工智能科研人员中，分别只有15%和10%为女性。

"These mistakes happen because you do not have the diverse teams and diversity of thought,"

“这些误解之所以会产生，是因为公司内部没有多元化的团队和想法，”

Allison Gardner, a co-founder of Women Leading in AI, a UK think tank, told The New York Times.

英国智库“女性引领人工智能”共同创始人之一的艾利森·加德纳在接受《纽约时报》采访时如此表示。

To deal with the problem, some technologists have been designing a genderless digital voice, reported BBC News.

据英国广播公司新闻频道报道，为了解决这一问题，一些技术专家正在设计一款中性的数字声音。

The report also calls for more women to be involved in the tech field.

该报告也呼吁让更多女性在科技领域占有一席之地。

"A more gender-equal digital space is a distinct possibility,

“一个性别更加平等的数字空间大有可能，

but to realize this future, women need to be involved in the inception⁶ and implementation⁷ of technology," noted⁸ the report.

但为了令这样的未来成为现实，女性需要参与科技的设想与实施，”该报告指出。

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

3 docile   

adj.驯服的，易控制的，容易教的

参考例句：

• Circus monkeys are trained to be very docile and obedient.马戏团的猴子训练得服服贴贴的。
• He is a docile and well-behaved child.他是个温顺且彬彬有礼的孩子。

4 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 aspirations   

强烈的愿望( aspiration的名词复数 )； 志向； 发送气音； 发 h 音

参考例句：

• I didn't realize you had political aspirations. 我没有意识到你有政治上的抱负。
• The new treaty embodies the aspirations of most nonaligned countries. 新条约体现了大多数不结盟国家的愿望。

6 inception   

n.开端，开始，取得学位

参考例句：

• The programme has been successful since its inception.这个方案自开始实施以来一直卓有成效。
• Julia's worked for that company from its inception.自从那家公司开办以来，朱莉娅一直在那儿工作。

7 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。