走进剑桥大学 第15期:湖畔诗人华玆华斯

 William Wordsworth

湖畔诗人华玆华斯[qh]Wordsworth was one of the most influential¹ of England's Romantic poets.

华兹华斯是最有影响力的英格兰浪漫主义诗人之一。

William Wordsworth was bom on 7 April 1770 at Cockermouth in Cumbria. His father was a lawyer. Both Wordsworth’s parents died before he was 15，and he and his four siblings² were left in the care of different relatives. As a young man, Wordsworth developed a love of nature, a theme reflected in many of his poems.

威廉华兹华斯在1770年4月7日出生于昆布兰郡科克茅斯。他的父亲是一名律师。他15岁之前父母就双亡了，他和四兄弟姐妹由不同的亲戚抚养成人。年轻的华兹华斯对自然产生了一种爱，这是他许多诗歌中所反映的主题。

While studying at Cambridge University, Wordsworth spent a summer holiday on a walking tour in Switzerland and France, He became an enthusiast³ for the ideals of the French Revolution.

还在剑挢大学读书时，华兹华斯就用一个暑假徒步到瑞士和法国旅行。他成为了法国大革命的狂热支持者。

In 1795, Wordsworth received a legacy⁴ from a relative and he and his sister Dorothy went to live in Dorset. Two years later they moved again, this time to Somerset, to live near the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was an admirer of Wordsworth’s work. They collaborated⁵ on Lyrical Ballads，published in 1798. This collection of poems, mostly by Wordsworth but with Coleridge contributing The Rime⁶ of the Ancient Mariner⁷, is generally taken to mark the beginning of the Romantic Movement in English poetry. The poems were greeted with hostility⁸ by most critics at that time.

1795年，华兹华斯从他一个亲威那里继承了一笔遗产，随后他和妹妹多萝西搬去多寒特郡居住。两年之后他们又搬家，这次是搬到萨默塞特郡，诗人塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治就住在附近。柯勒律治非常欣赏华兹华斯的作品。他们俩合作完成了《抒情歌谣集》，并在1798年出版。这本诗集里的诗绝大部分是由华兹华斯所作，而柯勒律治只写了《古舟子咏》。这本诗集被普遍认为是英国诗歌浪漫主义运动的开端。但当时大部分评论家对这些诗歌持否定态度。

In 1799，after a visit to Germany with Coleridge, Wordsworth and Dorothy settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District. Coleridge lived nearby with his family. Wordsworth's most famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud was written at Dove Cottage in 1804.

1799年，在和柯勒律治游历了德国之后，华兹华斯和多萝西定居在格拉斯米尔湖区的鸽舍。柯勒律治则住在他家附近。华兹华斯最有名的诗 《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》就是在1804年作于鸽舍的。

In 1802, Wordsworth married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. The next few years were personally difficult for Wordsworth, Two of his children died, his brother was drowned at sea and Dorothy suffered a mental breakdown⁹. His political views underwent a transformation¹⁰ around the turn of the century, and he became increasingly conservative, disillusioned¹¹ by events in France culminating in Napoleoti Bonaparte taking power.

1802年，华兹华斯和儿时的玩伴玛丽郝金生结婚。但华兹斯在接下来的几年里备受煎熬，他的两个孩子不幸夭折，他的兄弟溺水而亡，妹妹多萝西精神崩溃。大约在世纪之交，华兹华斯的政治观念发生了转变，他变得越来越保守。法国发生的事情使他的政治幻想破灭，尤其是拿破仑波拿巴的掌权使他失望透顶。

In 1813, Wordsworth moved from Grasmere to nearby Ambelside. He continued to write poetry, but it was never as great as his early works. In 1843，words worth became poet Laureate, Wordsworth died on 23 April 1850 and was buried in Grasmere churchyard. His great autobiographical poem, The Prelude¹², which he had worked on since 1798, was published after his death.

1813年，华兹华斯从格拉斯米尔搬到了附近的安布尔赛德。他继续写诗，但所取得的成就不如他早期的创作。1843年华兹华斯荣获“桂冠诗人”称号。华兹华斯于1850年4月23日辞世，葬于格拉斯米尔墓。他伟大的自传体诗《序言》写于1798年，他去世后才得以发表。

1 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

2 siblings   

n.兄弟，姐妹( sibling的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• A triplet sleeps amongst its two siblings. 一个三胞胎睡在其两个同胞之间。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She has no way of tracking the donor or her half-siblings down. 她没办法找到那个捐精者或她的兄弟姐妹。 来自时文部分

3 enthusiast   

n.热心人，热衷者

参考例句：

• He is an enthusiast about politics.他是个热衷于政治的人。
• He was an enthusiast and loved to evoke enthusiasm in others.他是一个激情昂扬的人，也热中于唤起他人心中的激情。

4 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

5 collaborated   

合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
• We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。

6 rime   

n.白霜；v.使蒙霜

参考例句：

• The field was covered with rime in the early morning.清晨地里覆盖着一层白霜。
• Coleridge contributed the famous Rime of the Ancient Mariner.柯勒律治贡献了著名的《老水手之歌》。

7 mariner   

n.水手号不载人航天探测器，海员，航海者

参考例句：

• A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner.平静的大海决不能造就熟练的水手。
• A mariner must have his eye upon rocks and sands as well as upon the North Star.海员不仅要盯着北极星，还要注意暗礁和险滩。

8 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

9 breakdown   

n.垮，衰竭；损坏，故障，倒塌

参考例句：

• She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
• The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障，但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。

10 transformation   

n.变化；改造；转变

参考例句：

• Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。
• He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

11 disillusioned   

a.不再抱幻想的，大失所望的，幻想破灭的

参考例句：

• I soon became disillusioned with the job. 我不久便对这个工作不再抱幻想了。
• Many people who are disillusioned in reality assimilate life to a dream. 许多对现实失望的人把人生比作一场梦。

12 prelude   

n.序言，前兆，序曲

参考例句：

• The prelude to the musical composition is very long.这首乐曲的序曲很长。
• The German invasion of Poland was a prelude to World War II.德国入侵波兰是第二次世界大战的序幕。