走进耶鲁大学 第13期:自立之路(2)

 However, with the impact of democratic thought, contradictions emerged. Yale, which was established based upon Protestant creeds¹, could on no count accept the thought. The result was that in 1817，conflicts escalated². The Connecticut government made new policies, on the on hand to approve the establishment of new colleges to compete with Yale, and on the other hand, it ended federal funding to Yale. Again Yale was up a tree for lack of capital. Just then, Yale found an effective way to raise funds, that is, to turn to its alumni.

然而，受到民主思潮的冲击，矛盾出现了；以新教教义为精神而创建的耶鲁无论如何也无法接受这种思潮。其结果就是在1817年，冲突升级，康州政府制订了新的政策， 一方面批准建立新的学校与耶鲁竞争，另一方面停止了对耶鲁的资助。耶鲁再次陷人资金短缺的困境。而正是那时，耶鲁发现了一条有效的筹资途径，那就是向校友求助。

In 1827, Yale alumni association was set up and managed to raise funds. Then, in 1890, the Yale Alumni Fund was chartered by the Yale Corporation. The Fund has since become the vehicle for the most successful giving records. To meet the broad and varied³ interests and concerns of Yale alumni, the Yale Alumni Board was chartered in 1906. Its task was to create a central alumni group for an exchange of views between the University and her alumni. As alumni interests grew, so did the size of the Alumni Board, which diminished the Board's effectiveness. So the Association of Yale Alumni (AYA) was born. The AYA provides a channel for communication between the alumni or the University, oversees⁴ the direction of alumni organizations and programs, provides the means for examination of University policies and maintains the stature⁵ of Yale University. AYA Assembly happens semi-annually.

1827年，耶鲁成立了校友会并成功筹集到资金。后来，耶鲁集团又于1890年特许建立了耶鲁校友基金会，此基金会为以后的许多成功捐赠提供了媒介。随着校友利益及利害关系趋于多样化，1906年，耶鲁校友董事会成立了；该董事会的职责就是为学校与校友交流观点提供一个核心校友团体。随着校友间利益关系的日益复杂化，董事会的规模也越来越大, 这大大削弱了董事会的运作效率。因此, 耶鲁大学校友协会(简 称AYA)诞生了。它不仅为校友和学校之间的交流提供平台，监督各校友组织及项目的活动，还负责审查学校的各项政策，维持耶鲁大学的品质。耶鲁校友协会的集会每半年举行一次。

For 300 years, people at Yale have been able to adhere to the spirit of independence and are proud of not comprising to political pressure or material inducement. Now, with donations from her alumni, Yale has grown to be a successful independent university and ranks among the world's best universities.

300年来，耶鲁人一直坚持独立精神，并且因不向外来的政治压力及物质利诱妥协而自豪。如今，凭借校友的捐赠，耶鲁大学已经成长为一所成功的私立学校，跻身世界名校之列。

1 creeds   

（尤指宗教）信条，教条( creed的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• people of all races, colours and creeds 各种种族、肤色和宗教信仰的人
• Catholics are agnostic to the Protestant creeds. 天主教徒对于新教教义来说，是不可知论者。

2 escalated   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The fighting escalated into a full-scale war. 这场交战逐步扩大为全面战争。
• The demonstration escalated into a pitched battle with the police. 示威逐步升级，演变成了一场同警察的混战。

3 varied   

adj.多样的，多变化的

参考例句：

• The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
• The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

4 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网

5 stature   

n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材

参考例句：

• He is five feet five inches in stature.他身高5英尺5英寸。
• The dress models are tall of stature.时装模特儿的身材都较高。