【英音模仿秀】神探夏洛克，推理也迷人

模仿文本： We tend to think there are two types of reasoning: deduction¹, where we move with logical certainty from general principles to a particular conclusion, as in "all swans are white, this is a swan, so this must be white"; and induction², where we move from particular observations to general principles, as in "all the swans that have ever been seen are white, so all swans are white". 

 

译文： 我们倾向于认为有两种推理：演绎法，即从普遍原理推导出个别结论，具有逻辑必然性，比如“所有的天鹅都是白色的，这是一只天鹅，所以它必须是白色的”；和归纳法，即从个别现象推导出普遍结论，比如“所有被发现的天鹅都是白色的，所以所有天鹅都是白色的”。 

 

1 deduction   

n.减除，扣除，减除额；推论，推理，演绎

参考例句：

• No deduction in pay is made for absence due to illness.因病请假不扣工资。
• His deduction led him to the correct conclusion.他的推断使他得出正确的结论。

2 induction   

n.感应，感应现象

参考例句：

• His induction as a teacher was a turning point in his life.他就任教师工作是他一生的转折点。
• The magnetic signals are sensed by induction coils.磁信号由感应线圈所检测。