美国国家公共电台 NPR 欧洲药品管理局称阿斯利康疫苗安全有效

To Europe now and word that the AstraZeneca vaccine is safe for use. That's according to the European Medicines Agency, which regulates vaccines for the EU. Now, this comes days after a number of European countries suspended the vaccine following reports of a small number of blood clots among the millions of people who've received it. NPR's Rob Schmitz has been tracking this from Berlin.

现在将目光转向欧洲，关注其宣布“阿斯利康疫苗是安全的”这一结论。这是欧盟疫苗管理机构欧洲药品管理局（简称EMA）得出的结论。几天前，部分欧洲国家暂停使用该疫苗，因为此前有报道称，数百万疫苗接种者中有少数人出现了血栓症状。NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨一直在柏林追踪此事。

Hey there, Rob.

你好，罗伯。

ROB SCHMITZ, BYLINE: Hey there, Mary Louise.

罗布·施密茨连线：你好，玛丽·路易斯。

KELLY: OK, so the agency says benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine outweigh the risks. But what did they find when they investigated the vaccine and these blood clots?

凯利：好，该机构称阿斯利康疫苗的好处大于风险。他们在研究疫苗和血栓症状时发现了什么？

SCHMITZ: Well, the agency said that out of nearly 20 million people who have received the AstraZeneca vaccine, there were 25 reported cases of dangerous blood clotting. From these cases, the experts concluded that the incidence rate of life-threatening blood clots from those who received the AstraZeneca vaccine is actually lower than it is among the general public.

施密茨：该机构表示，在接种阿斯利康疫苗的近2000万人中，有25例危险的血栓病例。专家通过这些病例得出结论称，阿斯利康疫苗接种者出现危及生命的血栓的几率低于普通公众。

KELLY: OK, so the big takeaway they want us to take from this is Europeans should carry on and keep getting the vaccine if they have access to it.

凯利：好，他们希望我们从中得到的重要信息是：欧洲人应该继续推广该疫苗，如果有机会接种疫苗，就要接种。

SCHMITZ: That's right, with the caveat that Europeans who do receive the vaccine understand that there have been extremely rare cases of blood clotting. The agency is recommending that AstraZeneca update its warning labels and that vaccination centers and clinics distribute pamphlets that inform EU citizens about this very slim risk. At one point in the press conference today, the agency's executive director, Emer Cooke, was asked if she herself feels comfortable getting the vaccine. Here's what she said.

施密茨：没错，但需要提醒的是，接种疫苗的欧洲人清楚，已经出现了极为罕见的血栓病例。该机构建议阿斯利康更新其警告标签，并建议疫苗接种中心和诊所分发手册，告知欧盟公民这一非常微小的风险。在今天的记者会上，该机构执行董事埃默·库克被问到，她自己是否认为可以接种疫苗。以下是她的回答。

(SOUNDBITE OF PRESS CONFERENCE)

（记者会音频）

EMER COOKE: If it was me, I would be vaccinated tomorrow. But I would want to know that if anything happened to me after vaccination — what I should do about it. And that's what we're saying today.

埃默·库克：如果是我，我明天就会接种疫苗。但我想知道，如果接种疫苗后出现了问题，我该怎么办。这就是我们今天要说的。

KELLY: So Rob, she says she would take it, and they say...

凯利：罗布，她说她会接种，他们表示……

SCHMITZ: Right.

施密茨：对。

KELLY: ...They can't confirm the cause of these rare clotting incidents. But are there any hypotheses they're exploring? I mean, what would explain this?

凯利：……他们无法确认这些罕见血栓病例发生的原因。那他们有在探查假设情况吗？这些病例如何解释？

SCHMITZ: Yeah, they were asked several questions about this, including why there weren't more cases of this type of clotting in the U.K., where half of all of AstraZeneca's vaccines have been administered. One theory is that the U.K. is focused on vaccinating senior citizens. And here in the EU, many medical personnel make up a bulk of those who've been vaccinated. And among those personnel are frontline workers who are young women. And that population tends to be more susceptible to this type of clotting for various reasons and were among the cases they reviewed. Experts are looking into that now and hope to have answers about that soon.

施密茨：有，他们被问到的问题中有几个涉及这方面，包括为何英国没有出现更多的这类血栓病例，毕竟一半的阿斯利康疫苗都交付给了英国。有一种理论认为，英国着重为老年人接种疫苗。而在欧盟，大部分疫苗接种者是医疗人员。其中包括年轻的女性一线工作人员。由于各种原因，这一人群更容易发生这类血栓，该机构也对这些病例进行了审查。专家正在研究这一问题，希望尽快找到答案。

KELLY: Interesting. And meanwhile, the countries that have suspended use of the AstraZeneca vaccine — are they expected now to lift those suspensions?

凯利：这值得注意。同时，已暂停使用阿斯利康疫苗的国家现在是否有望取消暂停令？

SCHMITZ: Yeah, they will likely do that soon and resume vaccinating people with this vaccine. But health experts say even this week's suspension of this vaccine has likely cost a lot of lives. Hundreds of people are dying each day from COVID-19 in Europe, the symptoms of which include blood clotting.

施密茨：是的，他们可能很快就会这样做，并会恢复疫苗接种工作。但卫生专家表示，本周暂停使用这种疫苗也可能导致很多人丧生。在欧洲，每天有数百人死于新冠肺炎，症状包括血栓。

And the EU's vaccination rollout has been marred with all sorts of problems, and many are blaming politicians for this. The EU Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, is under considerable pressure, and this week, she's even threatened emergency measures that would halt vaccine exports from the EU to the U.K. and the U.S. The EU is a global COVID vaccine production hub, and putting up export controls would certainly send a strong message. But it could also lead to vaccine shortages worldwide if it came to that. But it's clear that EU politicians are scrambling to try and speed up what has been a very slow vaccine rollout.

欧盟的疫苗接种计划也受到了各类问题的影响，许多人将此归咎于政治家。欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩面临着巨大压力，本周，她甚至威胁要采取紧急措施，停止向英国和美国出口疫苗。欧盟是全球新冠肺炎疫苗生产中心，而加强出口管制肯定会发出强有力的信息。但如果真这样做，也可能导致全球疫苗短缺。但很明显，欧盟政治家正在争先恐后地尝试加快进展非常缓慢的疫苗推广行动。

KELLY: NPR's Rob Schmitz joining us from Berlin.

凯利： 以上是NPR新闻的罗布·施密茨从柏林带来的报道。

Thank you, Rob.

谢谢你，罗布。

SCHMITZ: Thank you.

施密茨：谢谢。