美国国家公共电台 NPR 哈马斯和以色列将达成新协议

Are Hamas and Israel on the verge¹ of a long-term truce²?

哈马斯(伊斯兰抵抗运动)和以色列是否即将达成长期休战协议？

Six months ago, they fought an 11-day war.

六个月前，他们打了一场为期11天的仗。

During that time, Palestinian militants³ fired thousands of rockets. Israeli warplanes bombarded Gaza.

在此期间，巴勒斯坦武装分子发射了数千枚火箭弹。以色列战机轰炸加沙。

More than 250 people were killed, most of them in Gaza.

超过250人遇难，其中大部分在加沙遇难。

And since then, the two sides have operated under a tenuous⁴ cease-fire.

从那以后，双方一直在一个脆弱的停火协议下运作。

It's been six months since the war.

战争已经过去六个月了。

What has changed now to try to reduce tensions between Hamas and Israel?

在试图缓解哈马斯和以色列之间的紧张局势方面，现在发生了什么变化？

Well, there's been a big leadership change.

嗯，领导层发生了很大的变动。

Israel has a new prime minister, Naftali Bennett.

以色列有了一位新总理，纳夫塔利·班尼特。

And after the war, his government got tough, and it said Israel will not allow for large-scale reconstruction⁵ of all the homes and all the infrastructure⁶ that was damaged in Israel's bombings on Gaza unless Hamas agrees to release Israeli captives that it holds in Gaza.

战争结束后，他的政府变得强硬起来，称除非哈马斯同意释放其关押在加沙的以色列俘虏，否则以色列不会允许大规模重建在以色列轰炸加沙中受损的所有房屋和基础设施。

So that is Israel's tough public stance.

这就是以色列的强硬公开立场。

But we are now seeing that Israel is relaxing its conditions a little bit, and we're seeing some small movement toward a truce that is a little more robust⁷.

但是我们现在看到，以色列正在稍微放宽条件，我们看到了一些朝着更有力的停火方向的小进展。

And Daniel, you were just in Gaza. What'd you see there?

丹尼尔，你刚才在加沙。你在那里看到了什么？

I saw some examples of these sweeteners that Israel's offering Gaza for Hamas to continue to maintain the cease-fire.

我看到了以色列向加沙地带的哈马斯提供一些好处，以继续维持停火。

So one example is that as I was crossing into Gaza, I saw crowds of Palestinian day laborers⁸ walking through this usually heavily fortified⁹ Israeli border crossing, walking into Israel to work.

一个例子是，当我进入加沙时，我看到成群的巴勒斯坦临时工穿过这个通常戒备森严的以色列边境口岸，进入以色列工作。

And usually Israel lets in very, very few people in from Gaza.

通常情况下，以色列只允许非常非常少的加沙人入境。

And now Israel says it's allowing about 10,000 Palestinians from Gaza to work in Israel. It's the highest number in years.

现在以色列表示允许大约10000名来自加沙的巴勒斯坦人在以色列工作。这是多年来的最高数字。

Another really surprising thing I saw was that some construction of damaged homes destroyed in Israeli airstrikes is beginning.

我看到的另一件令人惊讶的事情是，一些在以色列空袭中被摧毁的受损房屋的建设正在动工。

The U.N. is coordinating¹⁰ this reconstruction with international aid money.

联合国正在用国际援助资金协调重建工作。

And usually, Israel tightly restricts construction materials going into Gaza because the concern is that, according to Israel, Hamas fighters could use them for rockets and tunnels.

通常情况下，以色列严格限制建筑材料进入加沙，因为根据以色列的说法，人们担心哈马斯武装分子可能会用这些材料制造火箭弹和地道。

But we're seeing in recent months Israel allowing Gaza to import cement, rebar almost in unlimited¹¹ numbers.

但近几个月来，我们看到以色列允许加沙进口水泥和钢筋，数量几乎没有限制。

So that's just a couple of examples of ways that Israel is trying to stabilize¹² Gaza a little bit while it is negotiating with Hamas this bigger deal.

这只是以色列在与哈马斯谈判这项更大的协议时试图稳定加沙局势的几个例子。

And the two are sworn enemies, been that way for a while.

两人是不共戴天的敌人，已经有一段时间了。

What do these talks look like, and what exactly are they negotiating?

这些谈判是什么样的，他们到底在谈判什么?

Right.Israel and Hamas don't talk to each other directly, so they're indirect talks. Egypt is the mediator¹³ in the middle.

好的。以色列和哈马斯没有直接对话，所以是间接对话。埃及是中间的调解人。

So you see Hamas officials have gone to Cairo, and then Israeli officials have gone after them to Cairo.

所以你看到哈马斯官员去了开罗，然后以色列官员在他们去了开罗之后也去了。

And there are three main issues that they're trying to reach.

他们试图解决的主要问题有三个。

First, a long-term truce - so no fighting for maybe several years.

首先，长期休战-所以可能在几年内不会发生战争。

Second, they are looking to agree on a plan to rehabilitate¹⁴ Gaza, to reconstruct those destroyed homes and the infrastructure.

其次，他们正在寻求就恢复加沙的计划达成一致，重建那些被摧毁的房屋和基础设施。

And you know, Gaza faces chronic¹⁵ humanitarian¹⁶ problems and crises.

你知道，加沙面临长期的人道主义问题和危机。

And then the last part is the most sensitive part - a prisoner swap¹⁷.

最后一部分是最敏感的--交换囚犯。

So Israel, under such a deal, would release Palestinian prisoners in exchange for Hamas releasing two soldiers' bodies and two Israeli civilians¹⁸.

因此，根据这样的协议，以色列将释放巴勒斯坦囚犯，以换取哈马斯释放两名以色列平民和两名士兵的尸体。

So how close are they to a deal then?

那么，他们离达成协议还有多远？

A lot of reports and a lot of rumors¹⁹ about progress - it's really hard to tell.

有很多关于进展的报道和谣言--这真的很难说清楚。

It's a hard sell in Israel to make a deal with Hamas.

在以色列，很难与哈马斯达成协议。

But I think the bottom line is that these negotiations²⁰ are not aimed at achieving some grand peace between Hamas and Israel.

但我认为最终的结果是，这些谈判并不是为了在哈马斯和以色列之间实现某种伟大的和平。

This is about giving Palestinians in Gaza slightly better lives and delaying the next war, maybe just for another few years.

这是为了给加沙的巴勒斯坦人带来稍微好一点的生活，并推迟下一场战争，可能只是再推迟几年。

1 verge   

n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。

2 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

3 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

4 tenuous   

adj.细薄的，稀薄的，空洞的

参考例句：

• He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality.他对现实认识很肤浅。
• The air ten miles above the earth is very tenuous.距离地面十公里的空气十分稀薄。

5 reconstruction   

n.重建，再现，复原

参考例句：

• The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后，该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
• In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期，技术决定一切。

6 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

7 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

8 laborers   

n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工

参考例句：

• Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言

9 fortified   

adj. 加强的

参考例句：

• He fortified himself against the cold with a hot drink. 他喝了一杯热饮御寒。
• The enemy drew back into a few fortified points. 敌人收缩到几个据点里。

10 coordinating   

v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的现在分词 )；协调；协同；成为同等

参考例句：

• He abolished the Operations Coordinating Board and the Planning Board. 他废除了行动协调委员会和计划委员会。 来自辞典例句
• He's coordinating the wedding, and then we're not going to invite him? 他是来协调婚礼的，难道我们不去请他？ 来自电影对白

11 unlimited   

adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的

参考例句：

• They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
• There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。

12 stabilize   

vt.（使）稳定，使稳固，使稳定平衡；vi.稳定

参考例句：

• They are eager to stabilize currencies.他们急于稳定货币。
• His blood pressure tended to stabilize.他的血压趋向稳定。

13 mediator   

n.调解人，中介人

参考例句：

• He always takes the role of a mediator in any dispute.他总是在争论中充当调停人的角色。
• He will appear in the role of mediator.他将出演调停者。

14 rehabilitate   

vt.改造(罪犯)，修复；vi.复兴，(罪犯)经受改造

参考例句：

• There was no money to rehabilitate the tower.没有资金修复那座塔。
• He used exercise programmes to rehabilitate the patients.他采用体育锻炼疗法使患者恢复健康。

15 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

16 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

17 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

18 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

19 rumors   

n.传闻( rumor的名词复数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷v.传闻( rumor的第三人称单数 )；[古]名誉；咕哝；[古]喧嚷

参考例句：

• Rumors have it that the school was burned down. 有谣言说学校给烧掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Rumors of a revolt were afloat. 叛变的谣言四起。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。