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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(2)
I stood at the edge of the circle, rubbing ice from my eyelashes. It was too cold to take notes, so I watched faces and read the frostbite scars, little badges of honor that told of lives spent outdoors on one of the planet's most unyielding landscap
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(3)
Around the time of my visit, though, the Canadian government had been reappraising the rangers. Rumblings about an international scramble to stake new claims in the warming Arctic and on its vast trove of untapped resources had prompted politicians i
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(4)
In early May, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo traveled to Rovaniemi, the capital of Finland's northernmost province, to deliver a speech to the Arctic Council, a group made up of the eight nations that border the Arctic, plus representatives of t
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(5)
For most of human history, the world above 66 degrees latitude has remained largely out of play for large-scale commerce. Explorers, speculators, and scientists long believed rich resources and shipping routes lay hidden beneath the Arctic's ice and
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(6)
Along the new frontier, the contest will not be about claiming new territory. Except for a few disputed tracts, mostly on the seafloor and including the North Pole itself, the Arctic's borders are settled. Instead nations and corporations are now see
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(7)
On King William Island, the rangers traveled west in a long line of snowmobiles. Some pulled wooden sleds, heavy with food, camping gear, and military equipment. I joined the procession on a borrowed machine, and after several frigid hours driving in
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(8)
Days began and ended at the fishnets. The haul of iqalupik, arctic char, was so plentiful that soon each tent was flanked by a small stand of stiff pink bodies, stuck tails first into deep drifts of snow. When we got hungry, we simply slipped an arm
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(9)
One evening, as we lay in our sleeping bags, Marvin told me he'd once tried to leave the Arctic. He'd found a vocational school in southern Canada that offered classes in small engine repair. But years before, Jacob had watched another son taken from
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(10)
The opening of the new frontier can be traced to a calm morning in August 2007, when a pair of Russian submersibles dropped 14,000 feet to the bottom of the Arctic Ocean and planted a flag made of titanium at the North Pole. Images broadcast around t
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(11)
Russians depend heavily on extracted resources, Markowitz explained. They view the Arctic as their strategic future resource base. 马科威茨解释说，俄罗斯人很依赖开采出的资源。他们把北极当作他们的未来战略储备基地。
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(12)
About a week into the rangers' mission the weather finally broke, and Marvin Atqittuq decided it was time to shoot Russians. He and Sgt. Dean Lushman, a former Canadian infantryman who had become an instructor with the ranger program, hauled out a sh
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(13)
I asked Lushman, who had done several combat tours in Afghanistan, if he thought a new Cold War was coming to the north. He laughed. 我问卢什曼，如果他认为一场新的冷战将在北方开始，那么是谁在阿富汗进行了那么多次的
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国家地理 融化的北极正使一场新的冷战升温(14)
On our last evening in camp, well after the sun had set, a small group of young Inuit roared in on snowmobiles. The rangers greeted them, cigarettes began to glow. It was cold but not that cold. The men had been hunting caribou somewhere in the west,
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国家地理 女性是如何改变卢旺达的(1)
Rwanda's genocide Museum is a haunting place, one of the memorials in the capital city of Kigali that commemorate a hundred days of terrifying tribal conflict in 1994. 卢旺达的大屠杀纪念馆是一个充满回忆的地方，它是首都基加利
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国家地理 女性是如何改变卢旺达的(2)
Alice Urusaro Karekezi remembers those dark days and the daunting questions of how Rwanda would move forward. A human rights lawyer, she spearheaded an effort to have the rapes punished as a war crime in 1997, and she co-founded the Center for Confli
