新闻周刊:特朗普是如何打出(白人)种族牌并重塑民主党的(1)

By declaring Mexican immigrants “rapists” on the first day of his campaign, he promoted an us-vs.-them worldview and found a political vein¹ other politicians had not dared tap—or, if they had, only gingerly: whiteness. Trump² won over millions of Americans whose attitudes could be summed up in the words of one supporter after his election: “He said things that people were thinking, not saying,” Rhode Island’s Eileen Grossman told USA Today.

特朗普在竞选的第一天就宣布墨西哥移民多为“强奸犯”，他宣扬了“我们对抗他们”的世界观，并发掘了其他政客们不敢明说的政治脉络,即赢得白人的支持——或者，如果其他政客敢于触及，也只是小心翼翼。特朗普赢得了数百万美国人的支持，这些人的态度可以用特朗普当选后一位支持者的话来概括：“他说的是人们在想的，而不是说的，” 罗德岛州的艾琳·格罗斯曼在接收《今日美国》采访时表示。

What they were “not saying,” of course, had mostly to do with race. And Trump has said quite a bit over the past two years, from defending the “very fine people” at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, to disparaging³ the “shithole countries” to shutting down the government and declaring a national emergency over an “invasion” of migrants that could “infest our country.”

当然，他们“没有说”的大多与种族有关。而且特朗普在过去的两年里，在弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔举行“白人至上”集会，为“非常优秀的人民”辩护；大骂“粪坑国家”；关闭政府，并宣布全国进入紧急状态，因为移民的“入侵”可能“感染我们的国家”。

The 45th president has changed the way America talks about race—with profound consequences for the public (hate crimes spiked⁴ his first year in office) and both political parties. Republicans and Democrats⁵ are grappling with whiteness as an organizing element in American politics. Trump has been clear about his intentions. “I didn’t need to do this,” he said as he declared a national emergency over the wall. “The only reason we’re up here talking about this is because of the election.”

这位第45任总统改变了美国谈论种族问题的方式，对公众和两党都产生了深远的影响（仇恨犯罪在他执政的第一年达到顶峰）。共和党人和民主党人都在努力将白人作为美国政治中的一个组织元素。特朗普已经明确了自己的意图。“我不需要这么做，”他一边说，一边越过障碍墙宣布全国进入紧急状态。“我们在这里讨论这个问题的唯一原因是选举。”

Trump’s strategy to rally white Americans poses significant challenges for both parties. For Republicans, it further alienates⁶ an increasingly diverse electorate⁷. The number of white evangelicals and white voters without college degrees—the backbone⁸ of the GOP—is shrinking, while the number of African-Americans and Latinos is growing. Trump’s 2016 victory was narrow—he lost the popular vote. And the party’s midterms losses suggest that his all-out racial messaging strategy is alienating⁹ college--educated white suburbanites. According to Republican strategist John -Feehery, Trump now needs to convince them that “he is not the racist¹⁰ the media and Democrats say he is.”

川普团结美国白人的策略对两党都构成了重大挑战。对共和党人来说，这进一步疏远了日益多元化的选民。白人福音派和没有大学文凭的白人选民（共和党的中坚力量）正在减少，而非裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人却在增加。特朗普在2016年以微弱优势获胜——但输掉了普选。共和党中期选举的失利表明，他的全面种族信息战略正在疏远受过大学教育的郊区白人。共和党策略师约翰-菲赫里表示，特朗普现在需要让他们相信，“他不是媒体和民主党人所说的种族主义者。”

But Democrats face an even thornier¹¹ problem than Republicans. The party has defined itself in opposition¹² to Trump and his small-tent agenda, but in doing so, it is promoting a vision -equally rooted in race and identity. Leaders have organized around key parts of their base—women, African-Americans, LGBTQ people—and the issues that have kept these groups from fully¹³ participating in American society, including abortion¹⁴ restrictions¹⁵, racism¹⁶ in the criminal justice system and a ban on transgender troops in the military. Of the identities, race is the broadest and most visceral, the legacy¹⁷ of slavery passed down through the decades in white guilt¹⁸ and black pain.

但民主党人面临的问题比共和党人更棘手。共和党把自己定义为反对特朗普和他的小帐篷议程，但这样做是在推动一种同样植根于种族和身份的愿景。领导者们围绕着他们的核心群体——女性、非裔美国人、性少数群体——以及阻止这些群体完全投入美国社会的问题，包括堕胎限制，刑事司法系统中的种族主义，以及禁止军队中的跨性别士兵。在这些身份认同中，种族是最广泛、最发自内心的，几十年来，奴隶制的遗留在白人的内疚和黑人的痛苦中代代相传。

When a photo surfaced from the 1980s medical school yearbook of Virginia’s Democratic governor, Ralph Northam, showing one person in blackface and another dressed as a member of the Ku Klux Klan, party leaders called on him to resign (he refused but vowed¹⁹ to dedicate the remainder of his term to racial equity). A number of declared presidential hopefuls, including Senators Kamala Harris and Elizabeth Warren, have recently endorsed²⁰ some form of reparations for African-Americans, a controversial proposal that Democratic presidential hopefuls opposed just three years ago in the 2016 campaign.

20世纪80年代，弗吉尼亚州民主党州长拉尔夫·诺瑟姆的医学院年鉴上出现的一张照片有一名黑脸男子和另一名装扮成三K党成员的男子，民主党领导人要求拉尔夫辞职（他拒绝了，但发誓要在余下的任期内致力于种族平等）。包括参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯和伊丽莎白·沃伦在内的多位已宣布参选的总统候选人，最近都支持对非洲裔美国人进行某种形式的赔偿，就在三年前的2016年大选中，民主党总统候选人还反对一项有争议的提议，而这项提议就在三年前的2016年大选中还遭到了民主党总统候选人的反对。

1 vein   

n.血管，静脉；叶脉，纹理；情绪；vt.使成脉络

参考例句：

• The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
• The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 disparaging   

adj.轻蔑的，毁谤的v.轻视( disparage的现在分词 )；贬低；批评；非难

参考例句：

• Halliday's comments grew daily more and more sparklingly disagreeable and disparaging. 一天天过去，哈里代的评论越来越肆无忌惮，越来越讨人嫌，越来越阴损了。 来自英汉文学 - 败坏赫德莱堡
• Even with favorable items they would usually add some disparaging comments. 即使对好消息，他们也往往要加上几句诋毁的评语。 来自互联网

4 spiked   

adj.有穗的；成锥形的；有尖顶的

参考例句：

• The editor spiked the story. 编辑删去了这篇报道。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They wondered whether their drinks had been spiked. 他们有些疑惑自己的饮料里是否被偷偷搀了烈性酒。 来自辞典例句

5 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 alienates   

v.使疏远( alienate的第三人称单数 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等）

参考例句：

• The new teacher alienates the children by behaving prissily. 这位新老师因表现拘谨而疏远了学生。 来自互联网
• What alienates him from the house? 什么东西使他远离这所房子呢？ 来自互联网

7 electorate   

n.全体选民；选区

参考例句：

• The government was responsible to the electorate.政府对全体选民负责。
• He has the backing of almost a quarter of the electorate.他得到了几乎1/4选民的支持。

8 backbone   

n.脊骨，脊柱，骨干；刚毅，骨气

参考例句：

• The Chinese people have backbone.中国人民有骨气。
• The backbone is an articulate structure.脊椎骨是一种关节相连的结构。

9 alienating   

v.使疏远( alienate的现在分词 )；使不友好；转让；让渡（财产等）

参考例句：

• The phenomena of alienation are widespread. Sports are also alienating. 异化现象普遍存在，体育运动也不例外。 来自互联网
• How can you appeal to them without alienating the mainstream crowd? 你是怎么在不疏忽主流玩家的情况下吸引住他们呢？ 来自互联网

10 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

11 thornier   

adj.多刺的( thorny的比较级 )；有刺的；棘手的；多障碍的

参考例句：

• Changing regulations, meanwhile, is even thornier. 与此同时，不断变化的法规更加棘手。 来自互联网
• The vote, on a procedural point, does not bode well for the passage of thornier legislation. 从程序上说，这次选举对更为棘手的立法进程来说并不是个好兆头。 来自互联网

12 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

13 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

14 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

15 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

16 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。

17 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

18 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

19 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

20 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》