英语新闻听写 研究发现熬夜会变胖!

Why Do Graveyard¹ Shifts Wreak² Havoc³ on Human Metabolism⁴?

夜班会严重破坏人体的新陈代谢？

Humans are wired to be awake during the day and sleep at night, but millions of Americans defy biology to pull the graveyard shift.

人类本来白天活动，晚上睡觉，但是数百万名上夜班的美国人却无视这一生物规律。

Hospital employees, firefighters and, increasingly, office workers all punch in for nighttime work.

值夜班的医生，火警以及越来越多的白领都开始在夜间工作。

These nocturnal schedules appear to be one driver of the rising rates of obesity⁵ and metabolic⁶ disorders⁷.

这些不规律的作息时间会使人患肥胖、代谢紊乱的风险增加。

Yet exactly how swapped⁸ slumber⁹ time fuels metabolic disarray¹⁰ has largely mystified sleep researchers.

什么样的睡眠时间才能调节代谢紊乱一直困扰着睡眠研究人员。

Daytime shuteye, for one reason or another, simply is not as restful for humans.

从某种原因来说，白天并不是人类睡觉的最佳时间。

But is it the massive sleep debt that never gets repaid or disruptions to circadian rhythms that can foster health problems?

难道不是由于长期睡眠不足或昼夜颠倒的作息而导致健康问题频出吗？

Whatever the cause, the end result can be a murky¹¹ cycle of excessive fatigue¹², hormonal¹³ changes that lead to more snacking and,

不管原因是什么，最终的结果都会变成过度疲劳的恶性循环，激素紊乱导致饮食不规律，

eventually, weight gain and higher rates of metabolic disorders like diabetes¹⁴.

最后体重飙升，患糖尿病等代谢紊乱疾病的风险增加。

Understanding the root of the problem, however, may one day lead to better therapies to help prevent these disorders.

既然已经发现了问题的根源，也许有朝一日能发现预防这一疾病的良方。

1 graveyard   

n.坟场

参考例句：

• All the town was drifting toward the graveyard.全镇的人都象流水似地向那坟场涌过去。
• Living next to a graveyard would give me the creeps.居住在墓地旁边会使我毛骨悚然。

2 wreak   

v.发泄；报复

参考例句：

• She had a burning desire to wreak revenge.她复仇心切。
• Timid people always wreak their peevishness on the gentle.怯懦的人总是把满腹牢骚向温和的人发泄。

3 havoc   

n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱

参考例句：

• The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
• This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces.这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。

4 metabolism   

n.新陈代谢

参考例句：

• After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食，卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
• All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。

5 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

6 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

7 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 swapped   

交换（工作）( swap的过去式和过去分词 )； 用…替换，把…换成，掉换（过来）

参考例句：

• I liked her coat and she liked mine, so we swapped. 我喜欢她的外套，她喜欢我的外套，于是我们就交换了。
• At half-time the manager swapped some of the players around. 经理在半场时把几名队员换下了场。

9 slumber   

n.睡眠，沉睡状态

参考例句：

• All the people in the hotels were wrapped in deep slumber.住在各旅馆里的人都已进入梦乡。
• Don't wake him from his slumber because he needs the rest.不要把他从睡眠中唤醒，因为他需要休息。

10 disarray   

n.混乱，紊乱，凌乱

参考例句：

• His personal life fell into disarray when his wife left him.妻子离去后，他的个人生活一片混乱。
• Our plans were thrown into disarray by the rail strike.铁路罢工打乱了我们的计划。

11 murky   

adj.黑暗的，朦胧的；adv.阴暗地，混浊地；n.阴暗；昏暗

参考例句：

• She threw it into the river's murky depths.她把它扔进了混浊的河水深处。
• She had a decidedly murky past.她的历史背景令人捉摸不透。

12 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

13 hormonal   

adj.激素的

参考例句：

• Some viral diseases are more severe during pregnancy, probably tecause of hormonal changes. 有些病毒病在妊娠期间比较严重，可能是由于激素变化引起的。
• She underwent surgical intervention and a subsequent short period of hormonal therapy. 他接受外科手术及随后短暂荷尔蒙治疗。

14 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。