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2018年经济学人 过剩学问:产能过剩和产能不足(2)
In Britain the Luddites broke stocking frames to stop machines taking their jobs. 在英国，卢德派分子已经开始破坏织袜机，以阻止机器抢了他们的饭碗。 On the other hand, global demand was damaged by failed ventures in Sout
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2018年经济学人 过剩学问:经济体的宏观与微观(3)
To grasp Say's point requires two intellectual jumps. 理解萨伊的要点需要两种学术方面的提升。 The first is to see past money, which can obscure what is really going on in an economy. 首先，要看透钱，它能够屏蔽经济体中
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2018年经济学人 过剩学问:萨伊定律(4)
Subsequent economists have tried to make sense of Say's law in the following way. 后来的经济学家试图用下面这种方式理解萨伊定律。 Imagine an economy that consists only of shoes and hats. 假设一个经济体，它仅由鞋子和帽
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2018年经济学人 过剩学问:人们不会长久地持有货币(5)
But what if the sought-after thing was $100 itself? 但是，如果孜孜以求的是100美元自己呢？ What if people produced goods to obtain money, not merely as a transactional device to be swiftly exchanged for other things, but as a store of
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2018年经济学人 印度旅馆:阿鲁沙之家(1)
Business 商业 Aarusha Homes: Room to grow 阿鲁沙之家：增多的房间 The road to Indian prosperity is paved with cheap and cheerful hostels. 印度繁荣之路铺满了廉价且宜人的旅馆。 If several hundred million Indians do migrate
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2018年经济学人 印度旅馆:阿鲁沙之家(2)
Aarusha's successful pitch is that its hostels are safer than slums or informal guest houses, especially for women. 阿鲁沙成功之处在于其青年旅馆比贫民窟和非正式宾馆更加安全，尤其是对女士而言。 It now has 4,300 be
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:失业的自然比率(1)
六大经济学原理:失业的自然比率(1) Economics Brief 经济学简介 Six Big Ideas: The natural rate of unemployment 六大经济学原理：失业的自然比率 Central bankers' holy grail 央行银行家的圣杯 Policymakers have spent
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:失业的自然比率(2)
If people cannot find jobs because they have outdated skillsthink hand weavers after the invention of the loomthey might become structurally unemployed. 如果人们是因为具有过时的技能而不能找到工作想想织布机发明之后的手工
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:通胀与失业的关系(1)
The relationship between inflation and unemployment was first studied by Irving Fisher in 1926. 1926年，通胀与失业之间的关系在欧文费雪(Irving Fisher)那里得到了第一次研究。 But the Phillips curve, as it came to be known, ow
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:通胀与失业的关系(2)
Mr Phelps began writing groundbreaking models of the labour market in 1966. 1966年，菲尔普斯开始构建开创性的劳动力市场模型。 A year later, Friedman gave what became the canonical criticism of the old way of thinking in an addres
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:菲利普斯曲线(1)
The implication? 言下之意？ For a central bank to keep unemployment below the natural rate, it must keep outdoing itself, delivering inflation surprise after inflation surprise. 对于想把失业率维持在自然比率之下的央行来说，它
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:菲利普斯曲线(2)
The next year it hit 5.4% even as unemployment changed little. 第二年，甚至在失业变化不大的情况下达到了5.4%。 The stagflation of the 1970s killed off the idea of a stable Phillips curve. 上世纪70年代滞张(stagflation)曾一度
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:新凯恩斯主义(1)
That proposition was put to the test after Paul Volcker became Fed chairman in 1979. 这种主张在保罗沃克尔于1979年成为美联储主席后被付诸验证。 Mr Volcker was set on getting inflation down. 当时，沃克尔决心要把通胀降
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2018年经济学人 六大经济学原理:新凯恩斯主义(2)
Inflation has behaved strangely over the past decade. 在过去的十年中，通胀表现得很陌生。 The recession that followed the financial crisis of 2007-08 sent American unemployment soaring to 10%. 2007-08年金融危机之后的衰退曾令
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2018年经济学人 代代叠加:“拖”无止境(1)
Economics Brief 经济学简论 Overlapping generations: Kicking the can down an endless road 代代叠加：拖无止境 The final brief in our series on big economic ideas looks at the costs (and benefits) of passing on the bill to the next generat
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