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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
参考答案:
SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST
PART A：Spot Dictation
1. produce fuel 2. four main areas
3. a possible solution 4. look at the oil crisis
5. alternative energy sources 6. fossil fuels
7. harnessing of wind and waves 8. human and animal waste
9. conversion1 of plant material 10. a large agriculture sector2
11. possiblility of using 12. in the production of alcohol
13. has fallen dramatically 14. in the last decade
15. dependent on 16. using their sugar
17. relatively3 economical 18. other starchy plants
19. in tropical countries 20. corn and sugar beet4
PART B: Listening Comprehension
1-5 B D C A B 6-10 D B C A B
11-15 C D B A B 16-20 A B B D B
SECTION 2: READING TEST
1-5 B C B D B 6-10 C C D B B
11-15 D C C B B 16-20 D C B D C
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
对美国文化常见的批评，是说美国人过分热衷于物质产品而忽视人的精神。据称，美
国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。我们美国人在生活上竞相攀比。美国人钟情于汽车，这一直
是国内外批评家嘲笑美国人的话。他们说，美国人以数量作为人生的伦理。东西是越大越
好，无论是炸弹还是轿车。大多数美国人已不在乎彬彬有礼、和睦相处、量入为出的古典
美德。其结果，我们美国人被说成吞噬着世界上不可再生的自然资源。美国人占世界人口
的百分之六，却消大海屉上三分之一以上的能源。这些是我们现在常常听到的抱怨。的确，
在某些方面，美国人可能信奉“追求幸福”就是追求物质享受。
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
1. urbanization 2. uncontrolled
3. common 4. unemployment
5. peculiar5/unique 6. industrialization
7. consequences 8. migrate/move
9. desirable 10. populated
11. pressure 12. health
13. excess 14. stop/stem/check
15. developing 16. land
17. motivated/willing 18. rural
19. financial 20. Landowners
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
1. 纽约市的主要部分是个岛，你只能通过隧道或桥才能接近它。
2. 在中心城区泊车收费十分高昂，因此大多数人对驱车进城要犹豫再三。
3. 我是伦敦总公司来的销售代表，我想与你详细讨论一下销售合同。
4. 中国是世界上第三大国，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，有4000 多年不间断的历史。
5. 由于政府采取的新措施，在过去5 年内，该国的旅游业年平均增长率为10％。
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
1. 终生教育的想法是可行的，因为我们决不会因年纪太大而不能继续学习。当然，这里
会有某些限制，但不是年龄上的限制。例如，有人年过60 还想学踢足球。他这样做
是愚蠢的，但这仅仅因为是他的身体太老了，而不是智力的退化。
2. 现在，很难知道该去哪儿投资。不断变化的利率、银行收费以及各种不同的投资账户，
让人感到十分困惑。所以当您知道，在北方银行有友好、专业水准的服务，保证使您
对如何处置自己的钱财作出正确的决策，岂非一件大好事？我们可以在诸如保险、抵
押和退休金等一系列项目上向您提供咨询。请随时光临北方银行各分行。我们将高兴
地见到您！
SECTION 5：READING TEST
1. Because they set fire to a neighbour’s house, causing 4000 pound and damage destroying
everything the family owned.
2. The corporal punishment mentioned in this passage refers to beating of children/pupils
youngsters as a form of punishment when they behave badly. The examples cited in the
passage are flogging/whipping, cuffing6 round/slapping the ear and smacking7 on the hand.
3. According to Judge Rodwell, minor8 forms of corporal punisnment are “swift” and direct,
which can easily lead children to understand their misdemeanour/bad behavior and stop
“minor incidents escalating9”.
4. Here, “suspension is hardly a sanction”means “ordering the pupil to leave school for a
short period is not an effective punishment.”It can not stop the minor incidents/ offence and
is of no educational/ disciplinary significance to children. As a result, it has almost no
impact on many children.
5. Because these train companies put up very high bidding price and profit target in order to
win the bids. Therefore, even the 16 percent increase of revenue over seven years will not be
enough to cover the bidding cost and profit target they promised.
6. In the earlier bidding of these franchises10, the bidding conditions were more favourable11 to the
bidders. The train services were either “free of charge” or sold at a very low price.
7. It has caught the party off-hand and forced its transport team into embarrassing U-turns./
They would/will make big changes in their rail policy and would have to pay more subsidy
to some train services.
8. As the price of singles flat is on the rise, it is time for prospective12 buyers to make quick
decisions when they find both the price and the flat are acceptable.
9. Buyers often choose two-bed flats so that the other bed can be let to a friend. In this way,
they can use the rent collected to pay the mortgage and to lower their own burden.
10. This example shows the effects of rising price of singles flat. When the price was still quite
low, people felt the shell sizes of 1200 to 1400 sq ft were quite small. With the rising price,
they felt such sizes were acceptable (otherwise they would have to pay much more for their
“ideal”sizes)
SECTION 6:TRANSLATION TEST
Like a bright pearl set on the Taihu Lake and situated13 in the center of the beautiful and
fertile Changjiang Delta14 in southern Jiangsu Province, Wuxi is one of China’s major tourist
cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque15 scenery. Cutting through
the city is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, an ancient project equal in fame to the Great Wall.
A trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the customs and life styles of the local
people.
Seven kilometers from downtown Wuxi is a popular scenic16 area known as Meiliang. There,
the Taihu Lake is at its best: the vast expanse of blue waters is dotted by fishing boats against an
enchanting background of mist-shrouded hills. Of the scenic spots in the area, the huge rock
named Yuantouzhu resembles a turtle’s head. The rock commands a distant view of the
boundless Taihu Lake. It is lauded17 by Guo Moruo, a renowned18 Chinese poet, as the “best spot of
the Taihu Lake”.
听力测试题录音文字稿:
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with
blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write
your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. Remember you will hear the
passage only once. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.
Today I’m going to consider very briefly19 a problem concerned with the competition for land
use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to produce fuel and
in considering this problem I will look at four main areas: the historical background to the
problem, the economies involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and a possible
solution to a potential problem.
In considering the historical background we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s due to
the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. Many countries have looked for alternative energy
sources to make them independent of other countries’ fossil fuels. Examples of alternative
energy sources include such things as solar power, the harnessing of wind and waves, and also
the production of biogas. Biogas is methane20 which is produced from human and animal waste.
A particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the coversion
of plant material to alcohol. This is interesting because in many developing countries there is a
large agricultural sector and at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the possibility of
using the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.
Research is going on in the production of alcohol, for example, from sugar and there are
two main economic reasons for this. First of all, the world price of sugar has fallen dramatically
or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade. This has caused a
problem for those economies which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives them an
alternative possibility for using their sugar. And secondly21 sugar is the most efficient source of
alcohol, therefore, it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling22 alcohol from it.
In addition to sugar there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol, for
example in tropical countries such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good
sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as
corn and sugar beet.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test, there will be some short talks and conversations. After each
one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken
only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and
write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
Now let’s begin Part B with Listening Comprehension.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation
F: Er… roughly, Mr. Andrew Simpson, when did you begin collecting badges?
M: At my primary school, I think. The teachers used to give out badges to pupils who were
particularly good at certain things. So I got a little blue badge with the word “swimming”
on it, and then another one I remember—it was green—which had the word “Tidy” on it!
Ha!
F: And have you still got those badges in your collection?
M: No… well, I’ve got the swimming badge, but I think I was so untidy that I must have lost
the tidy badge years ago!
F: And you started collecting badges, then, from that, the age of about nine?
M: Er, yeah, I guess so… eight or nine or so. That’s right. In those days—we’re talking about
the early fifties—there weren’t so many cars around as there are today. So filling stations
didn’t have so many customers. So the petrol companies used to give out badges. I suppose
they thought that kids whose parents had a car would keep asking them to go to a particular
filling station so that they could get another free badge. My dad bought our first car in 1954.
I think it was—a black Ford23 Popular—and every time I went out with him in it I used to ask
him to go to a different petrol station so that I could add more to my growing badge
collection. Actually, he was a very shy man, my father, and I’m sure he didn’t like asking
for free things…
F: So petrol company badges were the first ones in your collection, weren’they?
M: After “swimming” and “tidy”, yeah… But soon all sorts of companies started making
badges to advertise their products, even cigarette companies. I’ve got one in my collection
for Wills’s Woodbines—they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days—and on the badge,
at the bottom, it says, “Smoked by Millions”—no health warnings in those days…
F: How did you start collecting foreign badges?
M: I started traveling! Actually, I have to say that as a teenager I rather lost interest in badges
and in fact I threw away a lot… or, er lost quite a lot… ones which would be rather
valuable today. But when I left university I got a job in Austria and whenever I had a
holiday, I used to take cheap trips to countries in Eastern Europe. Badges are very popular
there and I soon started collecting again. I’ve got some really beautiful badges from
Czechoslovakia and the Soviet24 Union, and some lovely ones from Yugoslavia, too.
F: Do people in Eastern Europe wear badges or do they just collect them?
M: Oh, they wear them just like we do.
F: Why do you think people do wear badges?
M: Well, I think there are probably three main reasons. I think some people wear them to show
that they belong to something. You know, like a group or a club or an association of some
sort… like the Rotary25 Club or a trade union. And then I think people wear badges for they
have something to say to the world. To tell people what they think—political or religious
badges—which show what kind of person the wearer is, what he or she believes in, what
they want to communicate… or badges which say things like, er, “Please don’t smoke near
me” or “I’m a vegetarian26”. I think that sort of badge is very popular these days.
F: You said you thought there were three main reasons why people wear badges…
M: Oh, yes. Well, the third reason, I think, is to show everyone else where you’ve been… you
know, badges which say things like “I’ve been to Disneyland”. A lot of people put
stickers like that on their cars, too. There are other reason, of course but I think they’re the
main ones.
Question No.1. What colour was the “Tidy”badge?
Question No.2. Which badge does Andrew Simpson think he has lost?
Question No.3. When do you think Andrew Simpson was born?
Question No.4. What is the slogan on the Wills’s Woodbines badge?
Question No.5. How many main reasons are given by Andrew Simpson for people to wear
badges?
Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news
It’s 12 noon and here are this lunch-time’s main stories.
The work-to-rule by air-traffic controllers is now affecting the majority of Britain’s airports.
Some 75% of all flights leaving Heathrow Airport this morning were delayed, and it was a
similar story at Gatwick, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Passengers bound for European
destinations were the worst hit. A British Airways27 spokesman claimed that they were managing
to clear a backlog28 of breakfast-time flights by mid-morning, but such large-scale delays were
causing havoc29 with schedules for later flights because aircraft were in the wrong place at the
wrong time. The spokesman praised passengers for the great patience they have shown so far.
The outlook for those traveling today or tomorrow, at least, is not very cheerful, at the advised
times. The controllers, who began their action at midnight last night, are protesting against what
they claim to be inadequate30 and potentially dangerous manning levels at the country’s main
air-traffic control centers.
Latest Government figures show a slight improvement in the unemployment situation. The
number of registered unemployed31 fell by just over 12,000 last month; the first drip there has
been in the total, this year.
The Opposition32, however, claims that when the number of students who left the register to
return to colleges and universities is taken into account, there was a substantial increase in the
number of long-term unemployed. Mr. Eric Watkins, the Shadow Employment Spokesman, said
that today’s figures present a totally unrealistic picture of the unemployment situation. “There is
no real decrease in unemployment, nor in the suffering and misery33 of thousands of families in
this country”, said Mr. Watkins. He called on the Government to take positive steps, in next
month’s budget, towards revitalizing the depressed34.
Police in North London are looking for a gang of armed robbers who got away with over
$14 million-worth of jewllery in a raid on a Hampsstead jeweller’s this morning. Staff who
arrived to open the shop at 8:30 were held at gun-point by the gang, who proceeded to empty
display cabinets and the safe. They made their escape in a white Jaguar35 car which was later
found abandoned in nearby Finchley.
Three men died and woman and child were seriously injured in an accident which
happened on the A 11 near Norwich. Their car was in a head-on collision with an articulated
lorry. The lorry driver escaped with minor injuries and was released from hospital in Norwich
after treatment for cuts and bruises36. Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident, which
happened at about 7:30 this morning.
Question No.6. About what percentage of all flights leaving Heathrow Airport this morning
were delayed?
Question No.7. What are air-traffic controllers protesting against?
Question No.8. According to the government, how is the unemployment situation now?
Question No.9. According to the news, what was stolen by a gang of armed raiders in North
London?
Question No.10. Who died in the accident which happened near Norwich?
Question 11 to 15 are based on the following interview
I=Interviewer, E=Edward Epstein
I: Like me, you’ve probably always believed that diamonds—those gorgeous, brilliant,
shining— jewels—are precious because they’re both beautiful and rare. It’s the demand for
rare gems37 that makes them expensive. Well, the author of The Death of the Diamond is an
American writer and journalist, Edward J. Epstein and, when I met him in his apartment in
New York earlier this year, he soon put me right on a few things.
E: Diamonds are not rare at all. They’re one of the most common minerals in the crust of the
earth. In fact, if you think about it, there are more diamonds in America, or England, than
any other commodity, than families with children. There are more diamonds than
dishwashers or other appliances. Almost every family, a least in America, has a diamond.
I: If that’s so, why is it that diamonds should be so expensive?
E: Well, diamonds are expensive because there’s monopoly that has tried to fix the price of
diamonds and they charge a rent for getting married. It’s a marriage rent. Because you think
it’s symbolic38 and important for the marriage, you’re willing to buy a little pebble39, that you
wouldn’t buy in store if you weren’t getting married, and pay $1000. It’s sort of a private
marriage license40.
I: Edward Epstein’s book is an expose of that monopoly. The corporation in question is De
Beers; the South African company that exercises extraordinary control over the world’s
diamonds are found in many places in the world; there have recently been big finds in
Australia, for example. But, De Beer’s main suppliers outside South Africa are, surprisingly,
the Russians and, as is better known, Black African states, such as Zaire, Angola and
Tanzania. De Beer’s policy for dealing41 with these unlikely allies is very simple.
E: De Beers makes an offer to buy up all the diamonds in the world at a set price. And,
because it controls the means of cutting, the means of distribution, the means of credit and
financing for diamonds, most African countries find it worthwhile to sell to De Beers. De
Beers then puts it all in a central stockpile and then redistributes it to the diamond cutters in
Belgium, in England and Israel, and other places.
I: It seems quite extraordinary to think that black African nations, which are, presumably,
pledged to the downfall of South Africa should have this constant arrangement with a South
Africorporation.
E: Well, it’s one of the many ironies42 of the diamond business (is) that South Africa is, in a
sense, dependent on Black Africa, especially Zaire, not to compete with it. But I have a
feeling that this relationship goes deeper than merely diamonds; that South Africa is an
important economic force in all of southern Africa.
Question No.11. Who is Edward Epstein?
Question No.12. According to Edward Epstein, why are diamonds so expensive?
Question No.13. What is De Beer’s Corporation?
Question No.14. Which country is one of De Beer’s main suppliers outside South Africa?
Question No 15. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the interview?
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk
There is no doubt that the computer has enlarged man’s working capacity as well as his
intellectual capacity enormously. Er… but it brings with it dangers to match the benefits. Now
by this, I mean danger to physical and mental well-being43 of the people who wiork at computer
terminals, not the dangers to personal privacy or national or industrial security.
There’s one very alarming set of statistics which come from a survey done in the UK on
800 pregnant women, who happened to use computer terminals for a major part of their working
day. About 35% of the subjects there had some severe abnormality during the pregnancy44, enough
to make a termination necessary. Now these figures compare significantly with a control group
of pregnant women of the same age but who did not work with computer terminals. The
incidence of severe abnormalities in their case was only 16%. This survey confirms similar
investigations carried out in Denmark, Canada, Australia and the USA. Now, no one yet has a
clear idea about the exact connection between working with computer terminals and the
problems with pregnancy, but the figures at least suggest that there’s well a cause for alarm.
In more general terms, increased stress and disturbances45 to vision have been noted46 in
workers exposed for long periods to the video screen, and in many countries trade unions of
workers involved with computers have laid down their own guidelines to protect members’
health. Erm… for instance, rest periods, or a change of activity from time to time are
recommended, and the termial should be placed so that there’s a source of natural light, and
something else to look at, emm, no blank walls behind the terminal, in other words, so that the
operator has a a chance to rest his eyes from time to time.
Ironically, it seems that it’s not only those who work with computers who are at risk. Er…
there’s perhaps more danger for people who use computers for interest or pleasure in their own
homes. Now, it’s obviously not possible to impose in the privacy of people’s homes the sort of
sateguards that can be applied47 in the working environment. Most people get so fascinated by
what they are doing that they stay in front of the screen for hours on end; some are real fanatics48!
Question No.16. What is the talk mainly about?
Question No.17. During the survey mentioned in the talk, what percentage of the women
were found to suffer severe abnormality in pregnancy?
Question No.18. In which country was this survey conducted?
Question No.19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the talk as a risk to health?
Question No.20. According to the talk, why are amateur computer users in greater danger
than professional ones.
SECTION 4：LITENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a short talk, you may take notes on the
important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a
separate answer booklet. You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You
will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk. Now listen to the talk
carefully.
Today I want to discuss problems of urbanization and in particular I want to talk about
those problems which are peculiar to developing economies and to discuss three possible
policies which could be used to control or to stem uncontrolled urbanization in developing
countries.
Certain urban problems of course are common to both developed and developing countries,
for example, problems of poor housing, unemployment and those problems connected with
traffic, for example, congestion49, pollution and so on. However there are problems which are very
peculiar to developing economies and this is due to the fact the developing countries need to
create a basic infrastructure50 which is necessary for industrialization and consequently for
economic growth. In fact it is the provision of this infrastructure which constitutes the
urbanization process itself and this infrastructure or the provision of this infrastructure may have
undesired effects on the economy as a whole. Now it’s these consequences on these effects
which um I’d like to deal with next.
I’m going to talk about five main consequences of this uncontrolled urbanization.
In the first instance there’s the problem of the migration51 of people from the country to the
city. Of course people living in the country see the city as a more desirable place to live, whether
they are living in developing or developed countries. But the problem is much more serious in a
developing country because there are in fact often more people who wish to migrate to the city.
Now the fact of people migrating to the city causes a certain depopulation of rural areas. This is
a second consequence if you like, and the result of this is a decrease in the production of food
and in the supply of food to the country as a whole. This can in turn also lead to a rise in prices
because of the law of supply and demand.
As a result of people moving to the city you get a high urban population growth rate. Now
this is due not only to the fact of more adults moving to the city but can also be due to traditions
of these people from the country because often people from rural areas have a tradition of large
families and so on and so the population of the cities increases with these numerous children of
the large families.
This leads to a fourth consequence which is a dramatic pressure on the supply of social
services in urban areas, in particular services related to health and education. In relation a health
services we can see that there are endemic diseases which could be made worse by
overcrowding people coming from the country to the city, and in the stresses on services in
education, with more children there’s need for more schools schools and more teachers and so
on.
A fifth area which is affected52 by uncontrolled urbanization is that of the labour supply, and
often uncontrolled urbanization leads to an excess of labour supply in the cities. This can lead to,
in turn, an informal kind of labour activities of, if you like, what might be called lowproductivity
activities. For example people selling things in the streets or you often find for instance in large
urban areas in developing countries children watching cars and so on and asking for tips from
their owners when they come back. This is really a sort of undesirable53 type of labour.
So those are in fact the main consequences of uncontrolled urbanization. Now I’d like to
talk more on the three possible policies which could be developed to stem this kind of
uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.
The first one would be to promote a more equal land distribution. In this way farmers
would be more motivated to stay on the land. They would be able to work more land, and thus
be able to feed their families more adequately. Often the reasons why farmers wish to go to the
city is that they cannot grow enough food to both feed their families and earn a living. So a more
equal land distribution is one such policy to stem this kind of move to the city.
A second policy would be to improve the supply of social services in the rural areas
particularly in the field of health and education. Country people often move to the co\ity because
they feel that these services are better in the city areas and if they could compare the services
and feel that there was perhaps not much difference between the two, it would be another reson
for not moving.
A third possible policy would be to give financial assistance to agriculture especially to the
small landowners.
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part or test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences
only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in
the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Sentence No.1. The main part of New York city is an island and you have to approach it
either by tunnel or bridge.
Sentence No.2. Parking in downtown areas is so dreadfully expensive, so most people think
twice about bringing their cars into the city.
Sentence No.3. I’m a sales representative from our head office in London and I’d like to
discuss the sales contract in detail with you.
Sentence No.4. China is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and
Canada, with an uninterrupted history going back over four thousand years.
Sentence No.5. As a result of these new measures taken by the government, this country’s
tourist industry has seen an average 10 percent annual growth rate over the
past five years.
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear two English passages. You will hear the passages
only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in
the corresponding space in your answer booklet. You may take notes while you are listening.
Now let’s begin Passage Translation with the first passage.
Passage 1:
The idea of permanent education is practical because we’re never really too old to go on
learning. Of course, there are certain limits, but they aren’t age limits. For example, let’s say a
man past sixty tries to learn how to play football. It’s foolish for him to do that, but only because
his body is too old, not his mind!
Passage 2:
These days, it’s difficult to know where to invest. It’s all very confusing with changing interest
rates, bank charges and different types of investment account. So isn’t it nice to know that at the
Northern Bank there is friendly, professional help available to make sure you make the right
decisions about how to handle your money? We can also advise you on a whole range of matters
such as insurance, mortgages and pensions. Pop into your Northern Bank branch. We’ll be
pleased to see you!
SECTION 1：LISTENING TEST
PART A：Spot Dictation
1. produce fuel 2. four main areas
3. a possible solution 4. look at the oil crisis
5. alternative energy sources 6. fossil fuels
7. harnessing of wind and waves 8. human and animal waste
9. conversion1 of plant material 10. a large agriculture sector2
11. possiblility of using 12. in the production of alcohol
13. has fallen dramatically 14. in the last decade
15. dependent on 16. using their sugar
17. relatively3 economical 18. other starchy plants
19. in tropical countries 20. corn and sugar beet4
PART B: Listening Comprehension
1-5 B D C A B 6-10 D B C A B
11-15 C D B A B 16-20 A B B D B
SECTION 2: READING TEST
1-5 B C B D B 6-10 C C D B B
11-15 D C C B B 16-20 D C B D C
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
对美国文化常见的批评，是说美国人过分热衷于物质产品而忽视人的精神。据称，美
国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。我们美国人在生活上竞相攀比。美国人钟情于汽车，这一直
是国内外批评家嘲笑美国人的话。他们说，美国人以数量作为人生的伦理。东西是越大越
好，无论是炸弹还是轿车。大多数美国人已不在乎彬彬有礼、和睦相处、量入为出的古典
美德。其结果，我们美国人被说成吞噬着世界上不可再生的自然资源。美国人占世界人口
的百分之六，却消大海屉上三分之一以上的能源。这些是我们现在常常听到的抱怨。的确，
在某些方面，美国人可能信奉“追求幸福”就是追求物质享受。
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
1. urbanization 2. uncontrolled
3. common 4. unemployment
5. peculiar5/unique 6. industrialization
7. consequences 8. migrate/move
9. desirable 10. populated
11. pressure 12. health
13. excess 14. stop/stem/check
15. developing 16. land
17. motivated/willing 18. rural
19. financial 20. Landowners
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
1. 纽约市的主要部分是个岛，你只能通过隧道或桥才能接近它。
2. 在中心城区泊车收费十分高昂，因此大多数人对驱车进城要犹豫再三。
3. 我是伦敦总公司来的销售代表，我想与你详细讨论一下销售合同。
4. 中国是世界上第三大国，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，有4000 多年不间断的历史。
5. 由于政府采取的新措施，在过去5 年内，该国的旅游业年平均增长率为10％。
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
1. 终生教育的想法是可行的，因为我们决不会因年纪太大而不能继续学习。当然，这里
会有某些限制，但不是年龄上的限制。例如，有人年过60 还想学踢足球。他这样做
是愚蠢的，但这仅仅因为是他的身体太老了，而不是智力的退化。
2. 现在，很难知道该去哪儿投资。不断变化的利率、银行收费以及各种不同的投资账户，
让人感到十分困惑。所以当您知道，在北方银行有友好、专业水准的服务，保证使您
对如何处置自己的钱财作出正确的决策，岂非一件大好事？我们可以在诸如保险、抵
押和退休金等一系列项目上向您提供咨询。请随时光临北方银行各分行。我们将高兴
地见到您！
SECTION 5：READING TEST
1. Because they set fire to a neighbour’s house, causing 4000 pound and damage destroying
everything the family owned.
2. The corporal punishment mentioned in this passage refers to beating of children/pupils
youngsters as a form of punishment when they behave badly. The examples cited in the
passage are flogging/whipping, cuffing6 round/slapping the ear and smacking7 on the hand.
3. According to Judge Rodwell, minor8 forms of corporal punisnment are “swift” and direct,
which can easily lead children to understand their misdemeanour/bad behavior and stop
“minor incidents escalating9”.
4. Here, “suspension is hardly a sanction”means “ordering the pupil to leave school for a
short period is not an effective punishment.”It can not stop the minor incidents/ offence and
is of no educational/ disciplinary significance to children. As a result, it has almost no
impact on many children.
5. Because these train companies put up very high bidding price and profit target in order to
win the bids. Therefore, even the 16 percent increase of revenue over seven years will not be
enough to cover the bidding cost and profit target they promised.
6. In the earlier bidding of these franchises10, the bidding conditions were more favourable11 to the
bidders. The train services were either “free of charge” or sold at a very low price.
7. It has caught the party off-hand and forced its transport team into embarrassing U-turns./
They would/will make big changes in their rail policy and would have to pay more subsidy
to some train services.
8. As the price of singles flat is on the rise, it is time for prospective12 buyers to make quick
decisions when they find both the price and the flat are acceptable.
9. Buyers often choose two-bed flats so that the other bed can be let to a friend. In this way,
they can use the rent collected to pay the mortgage and to lower their own burden.
10. This example shows the effects of rising price of singles flat. When the price was still quite
low, people felt the shell sizes of 1200 to 1400 sq ft were quite small. With the rising price,
they felt such sizes were acceptable (otherwise they would have to pay much more for their
“ideal”sizes)
SECTION 6:TRANSLATION TEST
Like a bright pearl set on the Taihu Lake and situated13 in the center of the beautiful and
fertile Changjiang Delta14 in southern Jiangsu Province, Wuxi is one of China’s major tourist
cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque15 scenery. Cutting through
the city is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, an ancient project equal in fame to the Great Wall.
A trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the customs and life styles of the local
people.
Seven kilometers from downtown Wuxi is a popular scenic16 area known as Meiliang. There,
the Taihu Lake is at its best: the vast expanse of blue waters is dotted by fishing boats against an
enchanting background of mist-shrouded hills. Of the scenic spots in the area, the huge rock
named Yuantouzhu resembles a turtle’s head. The rock commands a distant view of the
boundless Taihu Lake. It is lauded17 by Guo Moruo, a renowned18 Chinese poet, as the “best spot of
the Taihu Lake”.
听力测试题录音文字稿:
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with
blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write
your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. Remember you will hear the
passage only once. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.
Today I’m going to consider very briefly19 a problem concerned with the competition for land
use, that is, whether crops should be used to produce food or should be used to produce fuel and
in considering this problem I will look at four main areas: the historical background to the
problem, the economies involved in the competition for land use, some examples, and a possible
solution to a potential problem.
In considering the historical background we should look at the oil crisis of the 1970s due to
the rapid trend in increasing oil prices. Many countries have looked for alternative energy
sources to make them independent of other countries’ fossil fuels. Examples of alternative
energy sources include such things as solar power, the harnessing of wind and waves, and also
the production of biogas. Biogas is methane20 which is produced from human and animal waste.
A particularly interesting possibility for many developing countries has been the coversion
of plant material to alcohol. This is interesting because in many developing countries there is a
large agricultural sector and at the same time a small industrial sector and thus the possibility of
using the agricultural sector to produce fuel is of interest to those countries.
Research is going on in the production of alcohol, for example, from sugar and there are
two main economic reasons for this. First of all, the world price of sugar has fallen dramatically
or the world price of sugar has fallen in very real terms in the last decade. This has caused a
problem for those economies which are dependent on their sugar production as it gives them an
alternative possibility for using their sugar. And secondly21 sugar is the most efficient source of
alcohol, therefore, it is relatively economical to make fuel by distilling22 alcohol from it.
In addition to sugar there are other starchy plants that can be used to make alcohol, for
example in tropical countries such plants as the cassava plant and the sweet potato are good
sources from which alcohol can be made and in non-tropical countries you have such things as
corn and sugar beet.
Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test, there will be some short talks and conversations. After each
one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken
only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and
write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your answer booklet.
Now let’s begin Part B with Listening Comprehension.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation
F: Er… roughly, Mr. Andrew Simpson, when did you begin collecting badges?
M: At my primary school, I think. The teachers used to give out badges to pupils who were
particularly good at certain things. So I got a little blue badge with the word “swimming”
on it, and then another one I remember—it was green—which had the word “Tidy” on it!
Ha!
F: And have you still got those badges in your collection?
M: No… well, I’ve got the swimming badge, but I think I was so untidy that I must have lost
the tidy badge years ago!
F: And you started collecting badges, then, from that, the age of about nine?
M: Er, yeah, I guess so… eight or nine or so. That’s right. In those days—we’re talking about
the early fifties—there weren’t so many cars around as there are today. So filling stations
didn’t have so many customers. So the petrol companies used to give out badges. I suppose
they thought that kids whose parents had a car would keep asking them to go to a particular
filling station so that they could get another free badge. My dad bought our first car in 1954.
I think it was—a black Ford23 Popular—and every time I went out with him in it I used to ask
him to go to a different petrol station so that I could add more to my growing badge
collection. Actually, he was a very shy man, my father, and I’m sure he didn’t like asking
for free things…
F: So petrol company badges were the first ones in your collection, weren’they?
M: After “swimming” and “tidy”, yeah… But soon all sorts of companies started making
badges to advertise their products, even cigarette companies. I’ve got one in my collection
for Wills’s Woodbines—they were the cheapest cigarettes in those days—and on the badge,
at the bottom, it says, “Smoked by Millions”—no health warnings in those days…
F: How did you start collecting foreign badges?
M: I started traveling! Actually, I have to say that as a teenager I rather lost interest in badges
and in fact I threw away a lot… or, er lost quite a lot… ones which would be rather
valuable today. But when I left university I got a job in Austria and whenever I had a
holiday, I used to take cheap trips to countries in Eastern Europe. Badges are very popular
there and I soon started collecting again. I’ve got some really beautiful badges from
Czechoslovakia and the Soviet24 Union, and some lovely ones from Yugoslavia, too.
F: Do people in Eastern Europe wear badges or do they just collect them?
M: Oh, they wear them just like we do.
F: Why do you think people do wear badges?
M: Well, I think there are probably three main reasons. I think some people wear them to show
that they belong to something. You know, like a group or a club or an association of some
sort… like the Rotary25 Club or a trade union. And then I think people wear badges for they
have something to say to the world. To tell people what they think—political or religious
badges—which show what kind of person the wearer is, what he or she believes in, what
they want to communicate… or badges which say things like, er, “Please don’t smoke near
me” or “I’m a vegetarian26”. I think that sort of badge is very popular these days.
F: You said you thought there were three main reasons why people wear badges…
M: Oh, yes. Well, the third reason, I think, is to show everyone else where you’ve been… you
know, badges which say things like “I’ve been to Disneyland”. A lot of people put
stickers like that on their cars, too. There are other reason, of course but I think they’re the
main ones.
Question No.1. What colour was the “Tidy”badge?
Question No.2. Which badge does Andrew Simpson think he has lost?
Question No.3. When do you think Andrew Simpson was born?
Question No.4. What is the slogan on the Wills’s Woodbines badge?
Question No.5. How many main reasons are given by Andrew Simpson for people to wear
badges?
Question 6 to 10 are based on the following news
It’s 12 noon and here are this lunch-time’s main stories.
The work-to-rule by air-traffic controllers is now affecting the majority of Britain’s airports.
Some 75% of all flights leaving Heathrow Airport this morning were delayed, and it was a
similar story at Gatwick, Manchester, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Passengers bound for European
destinations were the worst hit. A British Airways27 spokesman claimed that they were managing
to clear a backlog28 of breakfast-time flights by mid-morning, but such large-scale delays were
causing havoc29 with schedules for later flights because aircraft were in the wrong place at the
wrong time. The spokesman praised passengers for the great patience they have shown so far.
The outlook for those traveling today or tomorrow, at least, is not very cheerful, at the advised
times. The controllers, who began their action at midnight last night, are protesting against what
they claim to be inadequate30 and potentially dangerous manning levels at the country’s main
air-traffic control centers.
Latest Government figures show a slight improvement in the unemployment situation. The
number of registered unemployed31 fell by just over 12,000 last month; the first drip there has
been in the total, this year.
The Opposition32, however, claims that when the number of students who left the register to
return to colleges and universities is taken into account, there was a substantial increase in the
number of long-term unemployed. Mr. Eric Watkins, the Shadow Employment Spokesman, said
that today’s figures present a totally unrealistic picture of the unemployment situation. “There is
no real decrease in unemployment, nor in the suffering and misery33 of thousands of families in
this country”, said Mr. Watkins. He called on the Government to take positive steps, in next
month’s budget, towards revitalizing the depressed34.
Police in North London are looking for a gang of armed robbers who got away with over
$14 million-worth of jewllery in a raid on a Hampsstead jeweller’s this morning. Staff who
arrived to open the shop at 8:30 were held at gun-point by the gang, who proceeded to empty
display cabinets and the safe. They made their escape in a white Jaguar35 car which was later
found abandoned in nearby Finchley.
Three men died and woman and child were seriously injured in an accident which
happened on the A 11 near Norwich. Their car was in a head-on collision with an articulated
lorry. The lorry driver escaped with minor injuries and was released from hospital in Norwich
after treatment for cuts and bruises36. Police are appealing for witnesses to the accident, which
happened at about 7:30 this morning.
Question No.6. About what percentage of all flights leaving Heathrow Airport this morning
were delayed?
Question No.7. What are air-traffic controllers protesting against?
Question No.8. According to the government, how is the unemployment situation now?
Question No.9. According to the news, what was stolen by a gang of armed raiders in North
London?
Question No.10. Who died in the accident which happened near Norwich?
Question 11 to 15 are based on the following interview
I=Interviewer, E=Edward Epstein
I: Like me, you’ve probably always believed that diamonds—those gorgeous, brilliant,
shining— jewels—are precious because they’re both beautiful and rare. It’s the demand for
rare gems37 that makes them expensive. Well, the author of The Death of the Diamond is an
American writer and journalist, Edward J. Epstein and, when I met him in his apartment in
New York earlier this year, he soon put me right on a few things.
E: Diamonds are not rare at all. They’re one of the most common minerals in the crust of the
earth. In fact, if you think about it, there are more diamonds in America, or England, than
any other commodity, than families with children. There are more diamonds than
dishwashers or other appliances. Almost every family, a least in America, has a diamond.
I: If that’s so, why is it that diamonds should be so expensive?
E: Well, diamonds are expensive because there’s monopoly that has tried to fix the price of
diamonds and they charge a rent for getting married. It’s a marriage rent. Because you think
it’s symbolic38 and important for the marriage, you’re willing to buy a little pebble39, that you
wouldn’t buy in store if you weren’t getting married, and pay $1000. It’s sort of a private
marriage license40.
I: Edward Epstein’s book is an expose of that monopoly. The corporation in question is De
Beers; the South African company that exercises extraordinary control over the world’s
diamonds are found in many places in the world; there have recently been big finds in
Australia, for example. But, De Beer’s main suppliers outside South Africa are, surprisingly,
the Russians and, as is better known, Black African states, such as Zaire, Angola and
Tanzania. De Beer’s policy for dealing41 with these unlikely allies is very simple.
E: De Beers makes an offer to buy up all the diamonds in the world at a set price. And,
because it controls the means of cutting, the means of distribution, the means of credit and
financing for diamonds, most African countries find it worthwhile to sell to De Beers. De
Beers then puts it all in a central stockpile and then redistributes it to the diamond cutters in
Belgium, in England and Israel, and other places.
I: It seems quite extraordinary to think that black African nations, which are, presumably,
pledged to the downfall of South Africa should have this constant arrangement with a South
Africorporation.
E: Well, it’s one of the many ironies42 of the diamond business (is) that South Africa is, in a
sense, dependent on Black Africa, especially Zaire, not to compete with it. But I have a
feeling that this relationship goes deeper than merely diamonds; that South Africa is an
important economic force in all of southern Africa.
Question No.11. Who is Edward Epstein?
Question No.12. According to Edward Epstein, why are diamonds so expensive?
Question No.13. What is De Beer’s Corporation?
Question No.14. Which country is one of De Beer’s main suppliers outside South Africa?
Question No 15. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the interview?
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk
There is no doubt that the computer has enlarged man’s working capacity as well as his
intellectual capacity enormously. Er… but it brings with it dangers to match the benefits. Now
by this, I mean danger to physical and mental well-being43 of the people who wiork at computer
terminals, not the dangers to personal privacy or national or industrial security.
There’s one very alarming set of statistics which come from a survey done in the UK on
800 pregnant women, who happened to use computer terminals for a major part of their working
day. About 35% of the subjects there had some severe abnormality during the pregnancy44, enough
to make a termination necessary. Now these figures compare significantly with a control group
of pregnant women of the same age but who did not work with computer terminals. The
incidence of severe abnormalities in their case was only 16%. This survey confirms similar
investigations carried out in Denmark, Canada, Australia and the USA. Now, no one yet has a
clear idea about the exact connection between working with computer terminals and the
problems with pregnancy, but the figures at least suggest that there’s well a cause for alarm.
In more general terms, increased stress and disturbances45 to vision have been noted46 in
workers exposed for long periods to the video screen, and in many countries trade unions of
workers involved with computers have laid down their own guidelines to protect members’
health. Erm… for instance, rest periods, or a change of activity from time to time are
recommended, and the termial should be placed so that there’s a source of natural light, and
something else to look at, emm, no blank walls behind the terminal, in other words, so that the
operator has a a chance to rest his eyes from time to time.
Ironically, it seems that it’s not only those who work with computers who are at risk. Er…
there’s perhaps more danger for people who use computers for interest or pleasure in their own
homes. Now, it’s obviously not possible to impose in the privacy of people’s homes the sort of
sateguards that can be applied47 in the working environment. Most people get so fascinated by
what they are doing that they stay in front of the screen for hours on end; some are real fanatics48!
Question No.16. What is the talk mainly about?
Question No.17. During the survey mentioned in the talk, what percentage of the women
were found to suffer severe abnormality in pregnancy?
Question No.18. In which country was this survey conducted?
Question No.19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the talk as a risk to health?
Question No.20. According to the talk, why are amateur computer users in greater danger
than professional ones.
SECTION 4：LITENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a short talk, you may take notes on the
important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a
separate answer booklet. You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You
will not get your answer booklet until after you have listened to the talk. Now listen to the talk
carefully.
Today I want to discuss problems of urbanization and in particular I want to talk about
those problems which are peculiar to developing economies and to discuss three possible
policies which could be used to control or to stem uncontrolled urbanization in developing
countries.
Certain urban problems of course are common to both developed and developing countries,
for example, problems of poor housing, unemployment and those problems connected with
traffic, for example, congestion49, pollution and so on. However there are problems which are very
peculiar to developing economies and this is due to the fact the developing countries need to
create a basic infrastructure50 which is necessary for industrialization and consequently for
economic growth. In fact it is the provision of this infrastructure which constitutes the
urbanization process itself and this infrastructure or the provision of this infrastructure may have
undesired effects on the economy as a whole. Now it’s these consequences on these effects
which um I’d like to deal with next.
I’m going to talk about five main consequences of this uncontrolled urbanization.
In the first instance there’s the problem of the migration51 of people from the country to the
city. Of course people living in the country see the city as a more desirable place to live, whether
they are living in developing or developed countries. But the problem is much more serious in a
developing country because there are in fact often more people who wish to migrate to the city.
Now the fact of people migrating to the city causes a certain depopulation of rural areas. This is
a second consequence if you like, and the result of this is a decrease in the production of food
and in the supply of food to the country as a whole. This can in turn also lead to a rise in prices
because of the law of supply and demand.
As a result of people moving to the city you get a high urban population growth rate. Now
this is due not only to the fact of more adults moving to the city but can also be due to traditions
of these people from the country because often people from rural areas have a tradition of large
families and so on and so the population of the cities increases with these numerous children of
the large families.
This leads to a fourth consequence which is a dramatic pressure on the supply of social
services in urban areas, in particular services related to health and education. In relation a health
services we can see that there are endemic diseases which could be made worse by
overcrowding people coming from the country to the city, and in the stresses on services in
education, with more children there’s need for more schools schools and more teachers and so
on.
A fifth area which is affected52 by uncontrolled urbanization is that of the labour supply, and
often uncontrolled urbanization leads to an excess of labour supply in the cities. This can lead to,
in turn, an informal kind of labour activities of, if you like, what might be called lowproductivity
activities. For example people selling things in the streets or you often find for instance in large
urban areas in developing countries children watching cars and so on and asking for tips from
their owners when they come back. This is really a sort of undesirable53 type of labour.
So those are in fact the main consequences of uncontrolled urbanization. Now I’d like to
talk more on the three possible policies which could be developed to stem this kind of
uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries.
The first one would be to promote a more equal land distribution. In this way farmers
would be more motivated to stay on the land. They would be able to work more land, and thus
be able to feed their families more adequately. Often the reasons why farmers wish to go to the
city is that they cannot grow enough food to both feed their families and earn a living. So a more
equal land distribution is one such policy to stem this kind of move to the city.
A second policy would be to improve the supply of social services in the rural areas
particularly in the field of health and education. Country people often move to the co\ity because
they feel that these services are better in the city areas and if they could compare the services
and feel that there was perhaps not much difference between the two, it would be another reson
for not moving.
A third possible policy would be to give financial assistance to agriculture especially to the
small landowners.
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part or test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences
only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in
the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Sentence No.1. The main part of New York city is an island and you have to approach it
either by tunnel or bridge.
Sentence No.2. Parking in downtown areas is so dreadfully expensive, so most people think
twice about bringing their cars into the city.
Sentence No.3. I’m a sales representative from our head office in London and I’d like to
discuss the sales contract in detail with you.
Sentence No.4. China is the third largest country in the world, next only to Russia and
Canada, with an uninterrupted history going back over four thousand years.
Sentence No.5. As a result of these new measures taken by the government, this country’s
tourist industry has seen an average 10 percent annual growth rate over the
past five years.
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
Direction: In this part of the test, you will hear two English passages. You will hear the passages
only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in
the corresponding space in your answer booklet. You may take notes while you are listening.
Now let’s begin Passage Translation with the first passage.
Passage 1:
The idea of permanent education is practical because we’re never really too old to go on
learning. Of course, there are certain limits, but they aren’t age limits. For example, let’s say a
man past sixty tries to learn how to play football. It’s foolish for him to do that, but only because
his body is too old, not his mind!
Passage 2:
These days, it’s difficult to know where to invest. It’s all very confusing with changing interest
rates, bank charges and different types of investment account. So isn’t it nice to know that at the
Northern Bank there is friendly, professional help available to make sure you make the right
decisions about how to handle your money? We can also advise you on a whole range of matters
such as insurance, mortgages and pensions. Pop into your Northern Bank branch. We’ll be
pleased to see you!
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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2
sector
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| n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形 | |
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3
relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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4
beet
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| n.甜菜；甜菜根 | |
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5
peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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6
cuffing
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| v.掌打，拳打( cuff的现在分词 )；袖口状白血球聚集 | |
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smacking
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| 活泼的，发出响声的，精力充沛的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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9
escalating
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| v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大 | |
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franchises
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| n.（尤指选举议员的）选举权( franchise的名词复数 )；参政权；获特许权的商业机构（或服务）；（公司授予的）特许经销权v.给…以特许权，出售特许权( franchise的第三人称单数 ) | |
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favourable
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| adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的 | |
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prospective
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| adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的 | |
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situated
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| adj.坐落在...的，处于某种境地的 | |
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delta
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| n.（流的）角洲 | |
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picturesque
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| adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的 | |
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scenic
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| adj.自然景色的，景色优美的 | |
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lauded
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| v.称赞，赞美( laud的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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renowned
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| adj.著名的，有名望的，声誉鹊起的 | |
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briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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methane
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| n.甲烷，沼气 | |
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secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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distilling
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| n.蒸馏（作用）v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )( distilled的过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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Ford
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| n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过 | |
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Soviet
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| adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃 | |
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rotary
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| adj.(运动等)旋转的；轮转的；转动的 | |
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vegetarian
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| n.素食者；adj.素食的 | |
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AIRWAYS
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| 航空公司 | |
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backlog
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| n.积压未办之事 | |
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havoc
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| n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱 | |
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inadequate
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| adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的 | |
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unemployed
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| adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的 | |
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opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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misery
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| n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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jaguar
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| n.美洲虎 | |
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bruises
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| n.瘀伤，伤痕，擦伤( bruise的名词复数 ) | |
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gems
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| growth； economy； management； and customer satisfaction 增长 | |
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symbolic
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| adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的 | |
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pebble
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| n.卵石，小圆石 | |
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license
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| n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许 | |
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dealing
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| n.经商方法，待人态度 | |
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ironies
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| n.反语( irony的名词复数 )；冷嘲；具有讽刺意味的事；嘲弄 | |
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well-being
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| n.安康，安乐，幸福 | |
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pregnancy
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| n.怀孕，怀孕期 | |
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disturbances
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| n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 )；打扰；困扰；障碍 | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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applied
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| adj.应用的；v.应用，适用 | |
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fanatics
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| 狂热者，入迷者( fanatic的名词复数 ) | |
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congestion
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| n.阻塞，消化不良 | |
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50
infrastructure
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| n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施 | |
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migration
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| n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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undesirable
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| adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子 | |
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