美国国家公共电台 NPR 拜登选择黑人女性哈里斯作为竞选搭档

Vice¹ President Joe Biden has chosen California Sen. Kamala Harris as his running mate. We are joined now by NPR's Asma Khalid, who has been covering the campaign.

美国前副总统乔·拜登选择加利福尼亚州参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯作为竞选搭档。下面我们将连线NPR新闻的阿斯玛·哈利德，她一直在追踪报道竞选新闻。

Asma, good to have you with us.

阿斯玛，谢谢你和我们连线。

ASMA KHALID, BYLINE²: Hi there.

阿斯玛·哈利德连线：你好。

SHAPIRO: This is a historic choice. Kamala Harris has been in the news for much of the last year, but remind us who she is and why she is a significant pick.

夏皮罗：这是历史性选择。卡玛拉·哈里斯去年大部分时间经常出现在新闻上，不过还是要请你介绍一下她以及为何她是重要人选。

KHALID: Sure. I mean, Ari, I should just begin with the fact that we have never had a Black woman in the No. 1 or No. 2 spot, right? There has never been a Black woman as a running mate. And Joe Biden had faced a lot of pressure from a number of leading African American activists⁴ to make sure that he put a Black person on the ticket in part, you know, because some of the racial justice issues we've seen in the country but also because there was a sense that Black women have consistently been some of the most loyal voters in the Democratic Party and that that this was due to them.

哈利德：好。阿里，我首先应该指出一个事实，以前从未有黑人女性出现在一号或二号位置，对吧？以前从未有黑人女性成为竞选伙伴。乔·拜登面临着来自多位重要非洲裔美国活动人士的巨大压力，他们希望确保拜登选择一名黑人作为竞选伙伴，部分原因在于我们在美国看到的一些种族公正问题，另外一部分原因在于，人们认为黑人女性一直是民主党最忠实的选民，这是她们应得的。

SHAPIRO: So demographically, historically, this choice is significant. What about Kamala Harris' own history and her biography? She herself ran for president in the primary.

夏皮罗：因此，从人口统计学和历史上来看，这一选择都具有重大意义。那卡玛拉·哈里斯本人的历史和生平如何？她曾参加总统大选初选。

KHALID: That's right. She did. You know, most recently, she has been and she continues to be the senator from California, one of the senators there in California. Prior to that, she was also attorney general in California. But, you know, every step that she has taken — when you look at sort of, again, the demographics of this, the country has not had a number of them. She is only the second Black woman who's served ever as senator in the United States. So, you know, that demographically has been significant.

哈利德：没错。她参加了初选。她一直担任加州参议员，是代表加州的参议员之一。在成为参议员之前，她曾担任加州司法部长。但是，如果我们关注一下人口统计的话就会发现，她所走的每一步，在美国没有多少人做到。她是美国第二位黑人女性参议员。从人口统计上来说，这具有重要意义。

You mentioned, though, Ari, her presidential run. And it was, I think, somewhat of a surprise to a lot of analysts⁵. I think there were very high expectations. She had this massive opening rally in Oakland, Calif., and there were just thousands of people out there when she first announced her campaign. And then very quickly, it fizzled. It never really seemed to take off. Many people, many voters would often tell me that they really liked her candidacy. They liked her as a person, but she was never necessarily their top pick. And, you know, as a result, we saw that she was out of the race even before, officially, the Iowa caucuses⁶.

不过，阿里，你刚提到了她的总统竞选活动。我认为，这令许多分析人士多少有些惊讶。一开始期望非常高。她在加州奥克兰市举行了大规模公开集会，她最开始宣布参加竞选时，只有几千人参加集会。之后，她的竞选很快就失败了。而且似乎根本就没有真正开展起来。许多选民通常告诉我说，他们非常高兴她获得候选资格。他们喜欢她这个人，但她不一定是他们的首选。因此，我们看到她在爱荷华州党团会议正式开始前就退出了大选。

SHAPIRO: When you look back at her biography, her role as a prosecutor⁷ stands out. How is that likely to play into this campaign moving forward?

夏皮罗：回顾一下她的生平，她作为检察官的角色非常引人注目。这可能对这场竞选有何影响？

KHALID: And I think that's a really interesting point, Ari. We did hear from some of the more progressive voices in the Democratic Party concerns about some of the prosecutorial⁸ decisions that she had made there in California and how some of them may have been seen, they thought, as not being, I think, sort of accepting enough to some of the more progressive racial justice activist³ voices we are now hearing from in the party.

哈利德：我认为这点值得关注。我们确实听到民主党中较进步人士表示担心，一方面他们对她此前在加州做出的一些检控决定感到担忧，另一方面他们认为其中一些决定可能不太被民主党内较进步种族正义活动人士所接受。

But one thing, I think, that is interesting is, you know, the Trump⁹ campaign has tried to really blanket characterize Joe Biden as being soft on crime, accusing him of wanting to defund the police, which is not true. And having somebody who does have a prosecutorial record on the ticket with him does, I think, also kind of alleviate¹⁰ some concerns or criticism that the Republicans may try to paint him with that he has been soft on crime. It's just a harder thing to really criticize him with when you've got someone who has a prosecutorial record on the ticket with you.

但我认为值得关注的是，特朗普竞选团队试图笼统地将乔·拜登定性为在犯罪问题上态度软弱，指责其想撤销给警察部门的拨款，但这并不是事实。我认为，选择有检察官经历的人作为竞选伙伴，还可以减轻共和党人试图形容其在犯罪问题上态度软弱所引发的担忧或批评。当有检察官经历的人作为竞选搭档时，再这样指责他会困难得多。

SHAPIRO: Joe Biden has said throughout that the No. 1 quality he is looking for in a running mate is the ability to step into the job as president. After all, he is not a young man. Tell us how she does on that score.

夏皮罗：乔·拜登自始至终都在说，他在寻找竞选搭档时最关注的品质是成为总统的能力。毕竟，他并不是年轻人。请介绍一下哈里斯在这方面的表现。

KHALID: Well, she is significantly younger than him. And we talk about Biden's advanced age — I mean, he is 77 years old. He has himself referred to being a transitional candidate, which many folks interpret as being the fact that his running mate would potentially carry the mantle¹¹ after four years, though he has never officially said that. Harris is 55 years old. And so whoever he chose as a ticket was likely to be seen as possibly a future leader of the Democratic Party.

哈利德：她显然比拜登年轻得多。我们在谈论的是拜登的高龄，他今年已经77岁。他本人曾称自已是过渡候选人，许多人将这解读为他的竞选搭档可能在四年后接任总统一职，尽管他从未正式说过这句话。哈里斯今年55岁。无论拜登选择谁作为竞选伙伴，那个人都可能被视为民主党的未来领袖。

SHAPIRO: That is NPR's Asma Khalid on the breaking news that Joe Biden has chosen California Sen. Kamala Harris to be his running mate on the 2020 presidential ticket for the Democratic Party.

夏皮罗：以上是NPR新闻记者阿斯玛·哈利德报道的爆炸性新闻，即乔·拜登选择加州参议员卡玛拉·哈里斯作为2020年总统大选民主党副总统候选人。

Asma, thank you so much.

阿斯玛，非常谢谢你。

KHALID: You're welcome.

哈利德：不客气。

1 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

6 caucuses   

n.（政党决定政策或推举竞选人的）核心成员( caucus的名词复数 )；决策干部；决策委员会；秘密会议

参考例句：

• Republican caucuses will happen in about 410 towns across Maine. 共和党团会议选举将在缅因州的约410个城镇进行。 来自互联网

7 prosecutor   

n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

参考例句：

• The defender argued down the prosecutor at the court.辩护人在法庭上驳倒了起诉人。
• The prosecutor would tear your testimony to pieces.检查官会把你的证言驳得体无完肤。

8 prosecutorial   

公诉人的，原告的； 起诉的

参考例句：

• If prosecutorial misconduct results in a mistrial, a later prosecution may be barred. 如果检察官的不轨行为导致审判无效，再行起诉可能会被除数禁止。 来自口语例句
• Prosecutorial supervision is required according to public power attribution of civil litigation. 民事诉讼的个性和检察监督是对立统一的关系，并不排斥检察监督。

9 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

10 alleviate   

v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)

参考例句：

• The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
• Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

11 mantle   

n.斗篷，覆罩之物，罩子；v.罩住，覆盖，脸红

参考例句：

• The earth had donned her mantle of brightest green.大地披上了苍翠欲滴的绿色斗篷。
• The mountain was covered with a mantle of snow.山上覆盖着一层雪。