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白宫公布国安局监控行为审查报告

The White House has released an independent panel's review of U.S. intelligence practices, with recommendations that are expected to serve as a basis for a revision of policy procedures guiding the National Security Agency. President Barack Obama met with panel members Wednesday to discuss 46 recommendations they made on how to modify U.S. surveillance practices.

白宫公布了一份由一个独立调查小组对美国情报搜集行为的报告。预计美国国家安全局将会以该报告中提出的建议为基础，对国安局的指导政策规程作出修改。美国总统奥巴马星期三会晤了该小组成员，和他们讨论了有关如何修改美国监控行动的46项建议。

The White House stipulated¹ that the administration is looking into ways of how to best use its intelligence gathering² capabilities³ to protect U.S. national security without unnecessarily infringing⁴ on civil liberties and personal privacy.

白宫表示，奥巴马政府正在考虑如何在为保护美国国家安全而进行情报搜集工作的同时，避免不必要地侵犯公民自由和个人隐私。

The review panel recommended several measures for the better safeguarding of civil liberties and careful analysis of the consequences of collecting intelligence. It also called for protection of the privacy of non-U.S. citizens.

审议小组对更好地保护公民自由和谨慎研究情报搜集行动的后果提出了建议。该小组还呼吁对非美国公民的隐私加以保护。

Stephen Vladack, a law professor at American University in Washington, said that protecting non-U.S. citizens is important, and that even U.S. citizens abroad are not protected by the U.S. constitution.

位于华盛顿的美利坚大学法学教授斯蒂芬·维拉戴克表示，这一点非常重要，因为这也是保护在海外的美国公民的宪法权益。

"I think the real questions for non-citizens outside the United States is if there are ways to improve privacy protections and constraints⁵ on surveillance powers short of Constitutional invalidation, are there ways for Congress to legislate⁶ tighter safeguards to ensure that the NSA is not just vacuuming up all the information that it can, but that it’s only collecting information when it has a reason to," said Vladack.

维拉戴克说：“我认为，对于美国以外的非公民来说，真正的问题在于是否能够改善隐私保护、在宪法没有界定的领域限制政府监控的权力，还有就是国会是否会立法规定更为严格的保护措施，保证NSA不能搜集一切他们想要搜集的情报，而只是在有正当理由的情况下才搜集他们所需要的情报。”

At the White House, spokesman Jay Carney said President Obama will not make any immediate⁷ decisions regarding the 300-page report.

白宫发言人卡尼说，奥巴马总统不会立即对这份长达300页的报告作出任何决定。

"He is not going to make snap judgments⁸. He is going to look at it and assess it. The overall internal review won't be completed until January. After that, the president will have more to say about it, and more to say about the outcomes of that work," said Carney.

他说：“总统不会迅速作出一个决定。他会仔细研究和评估。整个内部调查将会在1月份才完成。之后，总统会对此有更多了解，会对这份报告的结论有更多了解。”

The review group worked under the director of national intelligence to examine NSA practices following allegations from former agency contractor⁹ Edward Snowden that the NSA collected data on telephone calls made by private citizens. Carney acknowledged that Snowden's disclosures have had an effect, and pointed¹⁰ out that the president instigated¹¹ the review with the intention of making changes in the U.S. surveillance program.

这个审查小组在美国国家情报机构负责人的领导下对美国国安局的行为进行了审查。此前，前美国国安局合同雇员斯诺登指称，NSA搜集普通公民的电话记录。白宫发言人卡尼承认，斯诺登泄密造成了影响。但他表示，奥巴马总统要求对国安局进行审查，目的就是要对美国的监控项目进行调整。

"Changes that will be important even as we make clear that the work that is done by the NSA and the other parts of the intelligence community is vital to the security of the United States and the American people and our allies, and that we will not compromise the work that we do on behalf of the security of the United States," said Carney.

卡尼说：“一些改革是很重要的，但我们也很清楚地表明我们的立场，也就是国安局和其他情报部门的工作对美国和美国人民、以及美国的盟友是至关重要的。在事关美国国家安全的事情上我们是不会妥协的。”

President Obama defended U.S. surveillance programs in a speech in August, shortly after Snowden leaked some of the documents he allegedly stole from the NSA.

在斯诺登泄露了一些据称是他从国安局窃取的资料不久后，奥巴马在8月份的一次演讲中为美国的监控项目进行了辩护。

"I want to make clear once again that America is not interested in spying on ordinary people. Our intelligence is focused above all on finding the information that's necessary to protect our people and, in many cases, protect our allies," said Obama.

奥巴马总统说：“我想重申的是美国对监视普通人没有兴趣。我们的情报工作主要是为了保护美国人民安全，以及在很多情况下，是为了保护我们盟友的安全。”

Obama has promised greater transparency on how and when the surveillance systems are used.

但奥巴马也承诺，将增加有关美国监控项目运作的透明度。

Snowden is currently in exile in Russia. He is wanted by the United States on charges of espionage¹², but his supporters hail his act for spurring a global discussion on security practices that affect ordinary citizens -- a discussion that many consider long overdue¹³.

斯诺登目前在俄罗斯逃亡。他被美国以间谍罪名起诉，但他的支持者认为斯诺登的行为引发了一场有关国家安全措施对普通百姓影响的大讨论。很多人认为，这样的讨论来得太迟了。