美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国以纳瓦利内事件为由宣布对俄罗斯实施制裁

President Biden's administration has been reviewing how to approach Russia and how to respond to a series of what they call problematic Russian actions. Today, we have action on one item — a response to last year's poisoning of Alexei Navalny, a critic of the Kremlin who's currently in Russian custody¹. NPR White House correspondent Franco Ordo?ez is following the story. Franco, good morning.

拜登总统领导的政府一直在考虑如何接近俄罗斯，以及如何应对一系列他们称之为“有问题的”俄罗斯行动。今天，美国就其中一个问题采取了行动，即对去年阿列克谢·纳瓦尔尼中毒事件做出回应。纳瓦尔尼是克里姆林宫的批评者，目前被俄罗斯拘留。NPR新闻驻白宫记者弗朗科·奥德内兹正在关注此事。弗朗科，早上好。

FRANCO ORDO?EZ, BYLINE²: Good morning, Steve.

弗朗科·奥德内兹连线：早上好，史蒂夫。

INSKEEP: What's the administration doing?

因斯基普：政府采取了什么行动？

ORDO?EZ: Well, I mean, first, let me say that the European Union has previously³ sanctioned the Russian officials behind the attack on Navalny. And as you noted⁴, Navalny is an opposition⁵ leader. For years, he's been critical of President Vladimir Putin. And last August, he was poisoned with a nerve agent.

奥德内兹：首先，我要说，欧盟此前已经对纳瓦尔尼袭击事件背后的俄罗斯官员实施了制裁。正如你所说，纳瓦尔尼是俄罗斯反对派领袖。多年来，他一直在批评弗拉基米尔·普京总统。去年八月，他遭遇神经毒剂毒害。

INSKEEP: Right.

因斯基普：对。

ORDO?EZ: He actually returned to Russia earlier this year, and he's been in jail since. So today, the Biden administration is essentially⁶ catching⁷ up with the Europeans on the sanctions that they leveled earlier. This now — they're announcing that the U.S. will sanction seven Russian officials and place bans on commercial activity with 14 parties. And those are in Russia, Germany and Switzerland. And these measures basically freeze any assets held here in the United States by those individuals and those parties and are supposed to be a deterrent⁸ to anyone wanting to deal with them.

奥德内兹：实际上他今年早些时候回到了俄罗斯，此后一直被关在监狱里。因此，今天拜登政府基本上是跟上欧洲的脚步，后者早前已出台制裁措施。政府宣布，美国将制裁7名俄罗斯官员，并将14家机构列入商业活动黑名单。这些机构分别位于俄罗斯，德国和瑞士。基本上来说，这些措施冻结个人和机构和在美国持有的任何资产，旨在对任何想与他们往来的人进行威慑。

INSKEEP: Well, that's interesting — freezing the commercial assets of Russian individuals, presumably officials who are involved in some way. Vladimir Putin himself is said to be a very rich man, so who knows about the others? But are the seven named in the statement so far?

因斯基普：这值得关注，冻结俄罗斯个人的商业资产，这些个人可能是以某种方式参与其中的官员。据称弗拉基米尔·普京本人是非常富有的人，那其他人呢？目前声明中有公布这7个人的名字吗？

ORDO?EZ: Not yet, Steve. They will announce those later today. We also expect — we reporters also expect to get more information from the various agencies involved because there's a lot of different agencies involved — State Department, Treasury⁹ and Commerce Department as well.

奥德内兹：史蒂夫，还没有。他们将在今天晚些时候宣布。我们记者也希望从各个相关机构得到更多信息，因为有很多不同的机构参与其中，包括美国国务院、财政部和商务部。

INSKEEP: So what does this tell us about the way the president expects to deal with Russia, Franco?

因斯基普：这表明总统希望如何处理俄罗斯问题，弗朗科？

ORDO?EZ: Well, a senior administration official made clear today that they are neither seeking to reset¹⁰ the relationship with Russia or to escalate¹¹ it. But the official acknowledged that they do expect this to be a, quote, "challenging" relationship. They said the tone and substance will be much different than it was in the previous administration.

奥德内兹：一名政府高级官员今天明确表示，他们既不寻求重启与俄罗斯的关系，也不寻求将关系升级。但这位官员承认，他们确实希望这是一段“富有挑战性”的关系。他们表示，基调和主旨将与上届政府大不相同。

I do want to note, though, that this is — action is being taken in coordination¹² with allies. This is something that the president has said is really important to him — you know, having that strength in numbers, working with friends to address these issues. And he said — Biden said last month that Putin wants to undermine the NATO alliance. Here's actually how Biden described it last month in a speech.

不过，我要指出的是，这是配合盟国所采取的行动。这是总统所说的对他来说非常重要的事情，与朋友一起解决这些问题，从人数上来说具有优势。拜登上个月表示，普京想破坏北约联盟。以下是拜登上个月在一场演讲中所说。

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PRESIDENT JOE BIDEN: He wants to undermine the trans-Atlantic unity¹³ and our resolve because it's so much easier for the Kremlin to bully¹⁴ and threaten individual states than it is to negotiate with the strong, closely united trans-Atlantic community.

乔·拜登总统：他想破坏跨大西洋的团结和我们的决心，因为相比与强大且紧密团结跨大西洋共同体谈判，克里姆林宫欺压和威胁个别国家这一做法要容易得多。

ORDO?EZ: The senior officials also said that they still see opportunities to be constructive¹⁵, and they will pursue them — you know, such as the five-year extension of a New START nuclear treaty, which they signed in January.

奥德内兹：高级官员还表示，他们仍然认为机会是建设性的，他们将继续努力，采取像1月份将《新战略武器裁减条约》延长五年等举措。

INSKEEP: This is really interesting. Not going to reset, meaning not going to look into Putin's eyes, as George W. Bush did; not going to bring a reset button, as Hillary Clinton once did under Obama; not going to look away from Russian election interference, as Donald Trump¹⁶ did. Just try to move forward — is that what they're trying to do?

因斯基普：这真的相当值得关注。不会重启关系，也就是说不会像小布什那样直视普京的眼睛看；不会像希拉里·克林顿在奥巴马执政时那样携带“重启按钮”；也不会像唐纳德·特朗普那样，对俄罗斯干预美国大选的做法视而不见。试着向前走——这就是他们想采取的做法吗？

ORDO?EZ: Yeah, they want to move forward. They do want to find areas to be constructive. But they also note that in the recent months, there has been a lot of action that they know there's going to be some conflict. That includes, you know, reviewing the SolarWinds hack¹⁷, which they said appears to be of Russian origin.

奥德内兹：没错，他们想前进。他们确实希望找到建设性的领域。但他们也注意到，最近几个月有很多行动展开，他们知道会产生一些冲突。这包括审查“太阳风”黑客事件，他们认为俄罗斯是这起事件的幕后黑手。

INSKEEP: Franco, thanks for the update.

因斯基普：弗朗哥，谢谢你带来的最新报道。

ORDO?EZ: Thank you.

奥德内兹：谢谢。

INSKEEP: That's NPR's Franco Ordo?ez on this day that we're learning that seven Russian individuals and some other concerns have been sanctioned for Russia's treatment of a dissident.

因斯基普：以上是NPR新闻的弗兰科·奥德内兹带来的报道，这一天，我们了解到七名俄罗斯个人和一些其他涉及机构因俄罗斯对待一名异见人士的做法而遭受制裁。

1 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

6 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

7 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

8 deterrent   

n.阻碍物，制止物；adj.威慑的，遏制的

参考例句：

• Large fines act as a deterrent to motorists.高额罚款是对开车的人的制约。
• I put a net over my strawberries as a deterrent to the birds.我在草莓上罩了网，免得鸟歇上去。

9 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

10 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

11 escalate   

v.(使)逐步增长(或发展)，(使)逐步升级

参考例句：

• It would tempt Israel's neighbors to escalate their demands.它将诱使以色列的邻国不断把他们的要求升级。
• Defeat could cause one side or other to escalate the conflict.失败可能会导致其中一方将冲突升级。

12 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

13 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

14 bully   

n.恃强欺弱者，小流氓；vt.威胁，欺侮

参考例句：

• A bully is always a coward.暴汉常是懦夫。
• The boy gave the bully a pelt on the back with a pebble.那男孩用石子掷击小流氓的背脊。

15 constructive   

adj.建设的，建设性的

参考例句：

• We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
• He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。

16 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

17 hack   

n.劈，砍，出租马车；v.劈，砍，干咳

参考例句：

• He made a hack at the log.他朝圆木上砍了一下。
• Early settlers had to hack out a clearing in the forest where they could grow crops.早期移民不得不在森林里劈出空地种庄稼。