美国国家公共电台 NPR FDA授权莫德纳和强生疫苗 允许混打疫苗

The FDA expanded the pool of people eligible¹ for boosters big time, and it's giving a lot of flexibility² in picking which vaccine³ to use as a booster.

美国食品及药物管理局大幅扩大了有资格接种疫苗的人数，并在选择使用哪种疫苗作为疫苗加强针方面给予了很大的灵活性。

Anyone 65 and older who got the Moderna vaccine at least six months ago can get a half dose as a booster;

任何65岁及以上的人，如果在至少六个月前接种了莫德纳疫苗，都可以获得一半剂量的疫苗加强针；

same goes for younger adults who got Moderna who have health problems or a risky⁴ job, you know, like nurses and teachers,

同样的情况也适用于接种莫德纳疫苗的年轻人，他们有健康问题，或者有危险的工作，你知道，比如护士和教师，

or risky living situations, like homeless shelters or prisons, just like the Pfizer booster.

或者同样的情况也适用于像呆在无家可归者收容所或监狱这样危险生活环境中的人，也可以接种辉瑞公司的疫苗加强针。

It's even more open for people who got the J&J vaccine.

对于接种强生疫苗的人来说，它甚至更加开放。

The FDA gave the green light to a full J&J dose to anyone who got what was supposed to be a one-shot vaccine at least two months ago.

美国食品及药物管理局为至少两个月前接种了本应是一针疫苗的这些人开了绿灯，允许他们接种全部剂量的强生疫苗。

That's because the J&J has never been as protective as the other vaccines⁵.

这是因为强生公司的疫苗从未像其他疫苗那样具有保护作用。

I'm trying hard not to say mix and match like so much coverage⁶ has said.

我尽量不像很多报道所说的那样说“混打”。

Like, it sounds like you're filling up a six-pack.

就像，听起来你在装满六罐装的东西。

mix or match.

混合打或匹配打。

But this is an important step here.

但这是重要的一步。

The FDA is saying that you don't necessarily have to stay in that same vaccine lane going forward.

美国食品及药物管理局表示，今后你不一定要在同一条疫苗生产线上生产。

Yeah, that's right.

是的，没错。

Research indicates that the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are essentially⁷ interchangeable as boosters,

研究表明，莫德纳疫苗和辉瑞疫苗本质上可以作为加强针互换，

and this gives people, you know, a lot of that flexibility if one vaccine is not available or if they want to try a different one because, say, they had a bad reaction the first time around.

这给了人们很大的灵活性，如果他们没有一种疫苗可用，或者他们想尝试不同的疫苗，比如说，因为，比如说，他们第一次有不好的反应。

It also simplifies boosting people in nursing homes where residents may have gotten different vaccines.

它还简化了为疗养院的人们提供疫苗加强针的过程，那里的居民可能接种了不同的疫苗。

And it's especially important for those who got the J&J vaccine.

这对那些接种了强生疫苗的人来说尤其重要。

Boosting J&J recipients⁸ with a Pfizer or Moderna shot seems much better for, you know, turbocharging the immune system than just getting another J&J shot.

给强生疫苗的接种者注射辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗似乎比仅仅再注射一针强生疫苗更有利于增强免疫系统。

You know, some people may still go with J&J again, you know, maybe because it's easier to get, or maybe because they're more comfortable getting what they got the first time.

你知道，有些人可能仍然会再次选择强生疫苗，你知道，可能是因为更容易获得这种疫苗，或者可能是因为他们更愿意获得第一次得到的东西。

The J&J shot does a decent job as a booster and may even give longer lasting⁹ immunity¹⁰.

强生公司的疫苗在增强免疫力方面做得不错，甚至可能提供更持久的免疫力。

Yeah. Steve made a good point at the beginning of the segment that going forward, this is something that's optional if people want to do this.

是的。史蒂夫在这段话的开头提出了一个很好的观点，展望未来，如果人们想要做这件事，这是可选的。

And there has been some scientific pushback that if people aren't older, if they're not immunocompromized, then maybe boosters aren't needed.

而且有一些科学上的反对意见认为，如果人们没有变老，免疫没有受损，那么可能就不需要疫苗强化针了。

What are officials saying?

官员们在说什么？

Yeah, yeah. Well, for now, the agency is following the advice from its advisers¹¹ that there just isn't enough evidence to justify¹² expanding the pool eligible for boosters even more.

是的，是的。嗯，就目前而言，该机构听从了其顾问的建议，即目前还没有足够的证据证明有资格进一步扩大强化针的数量。

The vaccines seem to be still pretty good at keeping - you know, very good actually at keeping most younger, otherwise healthy people from getting really sick.

这些疫苗似乎仍然能很好地防止-你知道，实际上非常好地防止大多数年轻的、健康的人患上真正的疾病。

But there is growing evidence that protection may be waning¹³ for those people, too, maybe starting with, you know, 40-somethings.

但越来越多的证据表明，对这些人的保护可能也在减弱，可能从40多岁的人开始。

So officials say they'll loosen up, you know, the eligibility¹⁴ when that's necessary.

所以官员们表示，他们将在必要时放宽资格。

So stay tuned¹⁵ on that score.

所以请继续关注这一事件。

So many people are still waiting for that next authorization¹⁶ for a vaccine for younger kids.

这么多人仍在等待下一次授权，为年幼儿童接种疫苗。

Where does that stand?

这是什么情况？

Yes. So next Tuesday, FDA advisers will review Pfizer's request to authorize¹⁷ that vaccine for kids ages 5 to 11.

是的。因此，下周二，美国食品及药物管理局顾问将审查辉瑞公司授权5至11岁儿童接种该疫苗的请求。

Older kids are already getting Pfizer shots.

年龄较大的孩子已经在接种辉瑞的疫苗了。

Pfizer has submitted data that using one-third of the dose grown-ups got is safe and effective for kids ages 5 to 11.

辉瑞公司提交的数据显示，使用成人剂量的三分之一对5至11岁的儿童是安全有效的。

If Pfizer gets the OK, which is expected, the CDC will weigh in on this question the first week of November.

如果辉瑞疫苗获得批准，这是意料之中的，美国疾病防治中心将在11月的第一周就这个问题发表意见。

Kids will need two doses three weeks apart, just like their parents.

孩子们需要间隔三周注射两剂，就像他们的父母一样。

But this means lots of kids could well be on their way to being fully¹⁸ vaccinated¹⁹ by around Thanksgiving,

但这意味着许多孩子很可能在感恩节前后完全接种疫苗，

which would help keep them safe and in school and help keep the virus from surging again.

这将有助于确保他们在学校的安全，并有助于防止病毒再次激增。

And definitely take some of the stress off of Thanksgiving gatherings²⁰.

而且绝对可以减轻感恩节聚会的压力。

Yeah, that's for sure.

是的，那是肯定的。

1 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。

2 flexibility   

n.柔韧性，弹性，（光的）折射性，灵活性

参考例句：

• Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
• The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

7 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

8 recipients   

adj.接受的；受领的；容纳的；愿意接受的n.收件人；接受者；受领者；接受器

参考例句：

• The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

10 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

11 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

12 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

13 waning   

adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法的热情迅速冷淡了下来。
• The day is waning and the road is ending. 日暮途穷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

14 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

15 tuned   

adj.调谐的，已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调

参考例句：

• The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味，老少皆宜。
• The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 authorization   

n.授权，委任状

参考例句：

• Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
• You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

17 authorize   

v.授权，委任；批准，认可

参考例句：

• He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
• Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。

18 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

19 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

20 gatherings   

聚集( gathering的名词复数 )； 收集； 采集； 搜集

参考例句：

• His conduct at social gatherings created a lot of comment. 他在社交聚会上的表现引起许多闲话。
• During one of these gatherings a pupil caught stealing. 有一次，其中一名弟子偷窃被抓住。