美国国家公共电台 NPR FDA批准辉瑞-BioNTech为5至11岁儿童接种疫苗

Kid-sized doses of the COVID vaccine¹ are one step closer to getting an OK from regulators.

儿童剂量的新冠疫苗离获得监管机构的批准又近了一步。

Advisers² to the FDA voted in favor of authorizing³ the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for children ages 5 to 11.

FDA顾问投票赞成批准辉瑞-BioNTech为5至11岁儿童接种疫苗。

A decision from the FDA either agreeing with or rejecting the could come at any time.

FDA可能随时会做出同意或拒绝该建议的决定。

So what's the evidence that the vaccine will be effective for little kids 5 to 11?

那么，有什么证据表明疫苗对5到11岁的儿童有效呢?

Well, the advisers considered data from a Pfizer clinical trial that included more than 2,000 kids.

顾问考虑了辉瑞的一项包括2000多名儿童在内的临床试验数据。

It found the vaccine was about 91% effective against symptomatic infection.

研究发现，该疫苗对有感染症状的有效性约为91%。

Now, throughout the pandemic, there have been more than 8,600 young children hospitalized with COVID,

现在，在整个疫情期间，已有8600多名较小儿童因新冠肺炎住院，

and nearly 100 kids aged⁴ 5 to 11 have died from COVID.

近100名5至11岁的儿童死于新冠肺炎。

So when it came time to vote, one committee member did abstain⁵,

所以当投票的时候，一位委员投了弃权票，

but all the others voted that the benefits of vaccinating⁶ this age group outweighs⁸ the risks.

但其他所有人都认为，给这个年龄段的人接种疫苗的好处大于风险。

Dr. Amanda Cohn explained her vote.

阿曼达·科恩博士解释了她投票的原因。

COVID-19 now is a vaccine preventable disease, from my perspective,

在我看来，COVID-19现在是一种用疫苗可预防的疾病，

and COVID is also the eighth highest killer⁹ of kids in this age group over the past year.

而且在过去一年里，COVID-19也是该年龄组儿童的第八大杀手。

And so use of this vaccine will prevent deaths, will prevent ICU admissions and will prevent significant long-term adverse¹⁰ outcomes in children.

因此，使用这种疫苗将预防儿童死亡，预防儿童进展到ICU住院并预防儿童出现长期严重的不良后果。

Now, some committee members said they think, for now, it should be a parent's choice to vaccinate¹¹ their kids, not a mandate¹².

现在，一些委员会成员表示，他们认为，就目前而言，给孩子接种疫苗应该是父母的选择，而不是强制要求。

Based on your reporting, do you think the FDA is going to agree with those advisers and go ahead and authorize¹³ the vaccine?

根据你的报告，你认为FDA会同意那些顾问的意见并批准疫苗吗?

You know, the FDA typically does follow the advice of its advisory¹⁴ committee, and the agency's own scientists have already weighed in, Noel.

你知道，FDA通常会听从其顾问委员会的建议，而且该机构的科学家已经参与了，诺埃尔。

They concluded that the vaccine's benefit in preventing hospitalizations and deaths likely outweigh⁷ the risks of any potential rare serious side effects.

他们的结论是，疫苗在预防住院和死亡方面的益处可能超过任何潜在的罕见严重副作用的风险。

So, yes, the agency's analysis does support authorization¹⁵.

所以，是的，该机构的分析确实支持授权。

One thing I bet parents will be very curious about - what are the side effects for kids who get the shot?

有一件事我敢打赌父母们会非常好奇——孩子注射疫苗会有什么副作用?

You know, the common side effects tend to be the same seen in adults - sore arm, headache, aches, chills.

你知道，常见的副作用也往往出现在成年人身上，比如，手臂酸痛，头痛，疼痛，发冷。

Now, when it comes to serious side effects, the main concern is myocarditis, which is inflammation in the heart.

现在，说到严重的副作用，主要担心的是心肌炎，这是心脏的炎症。

There have been rare instances following vaccination¹⁶, mostly in young men.

接种疫苗后出现了罕见的病例，主要是年轻男子。

Now, no children in the Pfizer trial developed myocarditis, but some older kids have.

现在，在辉瑞的试验中没有儿童患上心肌炎，但一些年龄较大的儿童患上了。

Dr. Matthew Oster of the CDC outlined what is known from 10 cases among 12- to 17-year-olds

美国疾控中心的马修·奥斯特博士从12至17岁的10个病例中总结了已知的情况

who developed the condition after receiving the Pfizer vaccine.

这些儿童是在接种辉瑞公司的疫苗后患上这种疾病的。

About 30% of those 12 to 17 have been given a status of recovered, meaning no medications, no exercise restrictions¹⁷, no ongoing¹⁸ symptoms.

在这12到17人中，大约30%的人处于康复状态，这意味着没有药物治疗，没有活动限制，没有持续的症状。

This was one month after vaccination.

这是在接种疫苗一个月后。

Typically, he says, the long-term outlook of children who get myocarditis is good,

他说，一般来说，对于患心肌炎的儿童来说，其长期前景是好的，

but this is something CDC will track closely through surveillance if the vaccine is authorized¹⁹.

但如果疫苗获得批准，疾控中心将通过监控密切跟踪。

And let's say it is authorized. How likely is it that parents will be on board?

假设这是授权的。家长们同意的可能性有多大?

You know, about 44% of adolescents 12 to 17 years old have been fully²⁰ vaccinated²¹, so that's one data point.

你知道，12到17岁的青少年中有44%的人已经接种了疫苗，这是一个数据。

And a recent poll from the COVID-19 Vaccine Education Equity²² Project found about two-thirds of parents of 5- to 11-year-olds say they are likely to vaccinate their children.

COVID-19疫苗教育公平项目最近的一项调查发现，大约三分之二的5至11岁儿童的父母表示，他们可能会给孩子接种疫苗。

So typically, adults who have been vaccinated are more likely to say they'll get their young children vaccinated.

所以通常情况下，已经接种疫苗的成年人更有可能说他们会给自己年幼的孩子接种疫苗。

Among those who say that they won't vaccinate their children right away,

那些说他们不会马上给孩子接种疫苗的家长，

many say full approval from the FDA or a school mandate would prompt them to change their minds.

许多家长说，FDA 完全批准或学校强制执行会促使他们改变自己的主意。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

3 authorizing   

授权，批准，委托( authorize的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering. 私掠许可证：从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。
• Formal phavee completion does not include authorizing the subsequent phavee. 阶段的正式完成不包括核准随后的阶段。

4 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

5 abstain   

v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免

参考例句：

• His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.他的医生嘱咐他戒酒。
• Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote.三位保守党下院议员投了弃权票。

6 vaccinating   

给…接种疫苗( vaccinate的现在分词 )； 注射疫苗，接种疫苗

参考例句：

• At first blush, vaccinating the wolves against rabies seems a simple solution. 乍一看来，为狼群注射防狂犬病疫苗是一种简单的办法。
• Also vaccinating children against misers (measles) has saved many lives. 还有，给儿童进行疫苗接种防止麻疹也挽救了许多生命。

7 outweigh   

vt.比...更重，...更重要

参考例句：

• The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
• One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。

8 outweighs   

v.在重量上超过( outweigh的第三人称单数 )；在重要性或价值方面超过

参考例句：

• Her need to save money outweighs her desire to spend it on fun. 她省钱的需要比她花钱娱乐的愿望更重要。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Its clarity in algebraic and analytical operations far outweighs any drawbacks. 文化代数和解析运算中的清晰性远远胜过任何缺点。 来自辞典例句

9 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

10 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

11 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

12 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

13 authorize   

v.授权，委任；批准，认可

参考例句：

• He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
• Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。

14 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

15 authorization   

n.授权，委任状

参考例句：

• Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
• You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

16 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

17 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

18 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

19 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

20 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

21 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

22 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。