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科学美国人60秒 SSS 鲨鱼

时间:2019-01-04 06:33来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Sharks aren't typically thought of as vegetarians1. Or even omnivores. But about 10 years ago, scientists documented a dainty relative of the hammerhead shark, known as a bonnethead shark, consuming copious2 amounts of seagrass.

锤头鲨通常不被认为是素食主义者。甚至是杂食动物。但大约10年前,科学家记录了锤头鲨(又称bonnethead shark)的一种精致的近亲,它消耗了大量的海草。

"A lot of people kind of just thought they were consuming it incidentally, after going after crabs3 and squid and other little invertebrates4 that live in the seagrass meadows." Samantha Leigh, a PhD candidate at the University of California, Irvine. "So everyone thought they were kind of just passing it through their system and not really getting anything from it."

“很多人都认为他们只是顺便吃了它,在追赶螃蟹、乌贼和其他生活在海草草原上的无脊椎动物之后。”萨曼莎·利(Samantha Leigh)是加州大学欧文分校(University of California, Irvine)的博士生。“所以每个人都认为他们只是在通过他们的系统传递信息,并没有从中得到任何东西。”

So Leigh and her colleagues hauled five of the small sharks back to a Florida lab, and put them on a three-week diet: 90 percent seagrass, 10 percent squid. And analyzed5 the digestibility of that diet. Turns out, the sharks actually put on pounds, and were able to digest the seagrass just as well as young green sea turtles do.

于是,利和她的同事们把5条小鲨鱼带回了佛罗里达的实验室,让它们吃上三周的食物:90%的海草,10%的乌贼。并分析了其消化率。事实证明,鲨鱼的体重实际上增加了,它们能像年轻的绿海龟那样消化海草。

"It seems like even though the bonnethead shark has what scientists would deem a carnivorous gut6, they are definitely acting7 like omnivores. So there's probably something going on, on probably a microbial level, that's helping8 them break down this seagrass."The full nutrition info is in the Proceedings9 of the Royal Society B.

“看起来,尽管锤头鲨拥有科学家认为的食肉肠道,但它们的行为确实像杂食动物。”所以可能有某种东西,在微生物水平上,帮助它们分解海草。营养信息刊登在《英国皇家学会学报B》上.

The study also gives coastal10 ecosystem11 managers something new to chew on: these sharks are like lawnmowers, trimming the seagrass, digesting it, and, yes, recycling it. "So they likely play more of a stabilizing12 role in food web dynamics13. They're not a top apex14 predator15. And they're probably playing a large role in nutrient16 transport in those seagrass meadow ecosystems17 as well." As for whether we might convince more sharks to have a side salad with dinner? "I don't know that we'll be able to do that anytime soon."

这项研究也给了海岸生态系统管理者一些新的东西去咀嚼:这些鲨鱼就像割草机,修剪海草,消化,是的,循环利用。因此,它们可能在食物网络的动态中扮演更稳定的角色。它们不是顶级掠食者。它们也可能在海草草甸生态系统的营养运输中扮演着重要的角色。至于我们是否可以说服更多的鲨鱼在晚餐时吃副沙拉呢?“我不知道我们很快就能做到。”


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 vegetarians 92ca2254bb61eaa208608083177e4ed9     
n.吃素的人( vegetarian的名词复数 );素食者;素食主义者;食草动物
参考例句:
  • Vegetarians are no longer dismissed as cranks. 素食者不再被视为有怪癖的人。
  • Vegetarians believe that eating meat is bad karma. 素食者认为吃肉食是造恶业。
2 copious koizs     
adj.丰富的,大量的
参考例句:
  • She supports her theory with copious evidences.她以大量的例证来充实自己的理论。
  • Every star is a copious source of neutrinos.每颗恒星都是丰富的中微子源。
3 crabs a26cc3db05581d7cfc36d59943c77523     
n.蟹( crab的名词复数 );阴虱寄生病;蟹肉v.捕蟹( crab的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • As we walked along the seashore we saw lots of tiny crabs. 我们在海岸上散步时看到很多小蟹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The fish and crabs scavenge for decaying tissue. 鱼和蟹搜寻腐烂的组织为食。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 invertebrates 7e45dc289993d00de9b9f14a70e51319     
n.无脊椎动物( invertebrate的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Insects and worms are all invertebrates. 昆虫和蠕虫都是无脊椎动物。 来自辞典例句
  • In the earthworm and many other invertebrates, these excretory structures are called nephridia. 在蚯蚓和许多其它无脊椎动物中,这些排泄结构称为肾管。 来自辞典例句
5 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
7 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
8 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
9 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
10 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
11 ecosystem Wq4xz     
n.生态系统
参考例句:
  • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
12 stabilizing 37789793f41246ac9b11622dadb461ab     
n.稳定化处理[退火]v.(使)稳定, (使)稳固( stabilize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The disulfide bridges might then be viewed primarily as stabilizing components. 二硫桥可以被看作是初级的稳定因素。 来自辞典例句
  • These stabilizing design changes are usually not desirable for steady-state operation. 这些增加稳定性的设计改变通常不太符合稳态工作的要求。 来自辞典例句
13 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
14 apex mwrzX     
n.顶点,最高点
参考例句:
  • He reached the apex of power in the early 1930s.他在三十年代初达到了权力的顶峰。
  • His election to the presidency was the apex of his career.当选总统是他一生事业的顶峰。
15 predator 11vza     
n.捕食其它动物的动物;捕食者
参考例句:
  • The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
  • Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴,它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。
16 nutrient 3vpye     
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
参考例句:
  • Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
17 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
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TAG标签:   科学美国人60秒  英语听力  sss
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