TED演讲设计改变城市创意成就舒适(2)_在线英语听力室

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Maybe not the way people dress, but you know, the question now is, how can we have all the good things that we identify with cities without all the bad things? 人们的衣着可能不会是这样，但要知道，现在的问题是，我们要如何对于城市带给我们的产物做到取其精华去其糟粕呢？

This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours to get a few miles in Bangalore last year. 这儿是班加罗尔，在去年的时我花了好几小时才在班加罗尔移动了几英里。

So with cities, you also have congestion¹ and pollution and disease and all these negative things. 所以在城市里，有拥挤和污染有疾病还有很多负面的东西。

How can we have the good stuff without the bad? 怎样取其精华去其糟粕呢？

So we went back and started looking at the great cities that evolved before the cars. 我们暂且回头看看那么比较不错的城市吧，在有了汽车之前的状态。

Paris was a series of these little villages that came together, and you still see that structure today. 巴黎就是由好些小村庄合并而成的，这种分布结构你今天还可以看得出来。

The 20 arrondissements of Paris are these little neighborhoods. 巴黎的20个区就像20个小邻居。

Most of what people need in life can be within a five- or 10-minute walk. 大多数人们的生活所需或许就在5到10分钟的步行范围里。

And if you look at the data, when you have that kind of a structure, 如果你去看那些数据，

you get a very even distribution of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies² and the cafes in Paris. 当你建立了这种结构后，巴黎的商店，内科医生，药房，还有咖啡厅都会很平均地分布在城市中。

And then you look at cities that evolved after the automobile³, and it's not that kind of a pattern. 之后你再看那些拥有了汽车后的城市，他们就完全不是这个模式了

There's very little that's within a five minute walk of most areas of places like Pittsburgh. 像匹兹堡，大部分地方很少再有几步之遥的生活了。

Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities really have evolved this way. 不单是匹兹堡，大部分美国的城市都演变成这个样了。

So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved in a couple of new city projects in China. 所以我们说，看看这些新城市，我们也要在中国弄几个新城市出来。

So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell. 那我们就从社区单元开始着手吧。

We think of it as a compact urban cell. 我们觉得这是一种紧凑的城市单元。

So provide most of what most people want within that 20-minute walk. 这样大部分人就能在20分钟步程内满足生活所需。

This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid, 这也能成为一种有弹性的微电网，

community heating, power, communication networks, 社区供热网，电力网，通讯网，

etc., can be concentrated there. 等等，都能集中在那儿。

Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor⁴ Stewart Brand right in the center, probably. 很可能会在正中心建一个原子核反应堆。

And he might be right. 他或许是对的。

And then we can form, in effect, a mesh⁵ network. 事实上，我们就能形成一个网状网络了。

It's something of an Internet typology pattern, 这是一种类型学的互联网模式，

so you can have a series of these neighborhoods. 所以我们有了这一系列的社区。

You can dial up the density⁶ about 20,000 people per cell if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000，你可以了解到人口密度，如果在剑桥大概就是每个社区2万人。如果是在曼哈顿，

if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything with mass transit⁷ and you provide most of what most people need within that neighborhood. 这个数字就是5万。我们把那些大的中转点连接起来，这样单在社区里就能满足很多人的需求了。

You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through all of them. I'll just show one. 我们也能开创一个新的类型学包含了街景和交通工具，我就不详讲，我就说一个方面。

This is Boulder⁸. It's a great example of kind of a mobility⁹ parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists where you can go from one end of the city to the other，这里是博尔德，它的驾车专用道路，还有跑步者和自行车者的高速公路，是很有代表性的，你可以顺着它横穿整个城市，

without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing, 不用过马路，而且他们也有公共自行车

which I'll get into in a minute. 能让我很快就适应进去。

This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea. 在韩国首尔，还有个更有趣的解决方案。

They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it, 他们放弃了高架公路，

they reclaimed¹⁰ the street, the river down below, 重新回到街道上，还有街道下面的小河流，

below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul to the other without crossing a pathway for cars. 这样不用穿过马路就能从首尔的一端到达另外一端

The Highline in Manhattan is very similar. 曼哈顿的高压线也是类似的情况

You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years. 在全世界，我们拥有这种迅速面世的单车道，我在曼哈顿住了15年。

I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph of these fabulous¹¹ new bike lanes that they have installed. 上几个周末我回去了一趟给这些新建的漂亮的单车道拍了些照。

They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something like 42 percent of the trips within the city are by bicycle. 比起哥本哈根，仍有些差距在哥本哈根，42%的路程都是在单车上的。

It's mostly just because they have fantastic infrastructure¹² there. 很有可能是他们那里有更好的基础设施。

We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston. 在波士顿我们完全做了错误的事。

We，the Big Dig，我们—那个大隧道，

So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything other than cars. 我们是摆脱了高速公路，但我们也制造了交通岛显然除了汽车，它还真的不适用于其他的交通工具。

Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking about, so we think we need an ecosystem¹³ of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit. 我们一直在思考迫在眉睫的流动性问题，我们觉得我们需要一个公交生态系统，他们可以将那些大的中转站给连接起来

These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on. 这些是我们目前着手的一些交通工具。

But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle, 公共使用是关键，如果我们共用一辆车，

you can have at least four people use one vehicle, 那么相对一个人使用一辆车来说，

as opposed to one. 这辆车的使用人数至少可以是四人。

We have Hubway here in Boston, the Velib' system in Paris. 在波士顿我们有Hubway。自行车共享系統，在巴黎有Velib系统。

We've been developing at the Media Lab this little city car that is optimized¹⁴ for shared use in cities. 我们在媒体实验室研发这种城市小车，可以在城市充分共享使用。

We got rid of all the useless things like engines and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels, 我们摒弃了那些没什么用处的东西，像引擎还有传动装置，我们把一切都搬到轮子上，

so you have the drive motor, the steering¹⁵ motor,the breaking all in the wheel. 所以车上的轮子就集成有驱动马达，转向电机，和刹车系统。

点击

收听单词发音

1 congestion
n.阻塞，消化不良
参考例句：
The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。 Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。

2 pharmacies
药店
参考例句：
Still, 32 percent of the pharmacies filled the prescriptions. 但仍然有32%的药剂师配发了这两张药方。来自互联网 Chinese herbal pharmacies, and traditional massage therapists in the Vancouver telephone book. 中药店，和传统的按摩师在温哥华的电话簿里。来自互联网

3 automobile
n.汽车，机动车
参考例句：
He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。 The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

4 reactor
n.反应器；反应堆
参考例句：
The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.原子反应堆发出大量的热能。 Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules.在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

5 mesh
n.网孔，网丝，陷阱；vt.以网捕捉，啮合，匹配；vi.适合； [计算机]网络
参考例句：
Their characters just don't mesh.他们的性格就是合不来。 This is the net having half inch mesh.这是有半英寸网眼的网。

6 density
n.密集，密度，浓度
参考例句：
The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。 The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

7 transit
n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过
参考例句：
His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。 The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

8 boulder
n.巨砾；卵石，圆石
参考例句：
We all heaved together and removed the boulder.大家一齐用劲，把大石头搬开了。 He stepped clear of the boulder.他从大石头后面走了出来。

9 mobility
n.可动性，变动性，情感不定
参考例句：
The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。 Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

10 reclaimed
adj.再生的；翻造的；收复的；回收的v.开拓( reclaim的过去式和过去分词 )；要求收回；从废料中回收（有用的材料）；挽救
参考例句：
Many sufferers have been reclaimed from a dependence on alcohol. 许多嗜酒成癖的受害者已经被挽救过来。来自《简明英汉词典》 They reclaimed him from his evil ways. 他们把他从邪恶中挽救出来。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

11 fabulous
adj.极好的；极为巨大的；寓言中的，传说中的
参考例句：
We had a fabulous time at the party.我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。 This is a fabulous sum of money.这是一笔巨款。

12 infrastructure
n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施
参考例句：
We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。 We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

13 ecosystem
n.生态系统
参考例句：
This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。 We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

14 optimized
adj.最佳化的，（使）最优化的v.使最优化，使尽可能有效( optimize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
We are often asked whether consumer Web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我们常常被问到这样的问题：消费类网站究竟应该为新手而优化，还是应该为中间用户而优化？来自About Face 3交互设计精髓 GOOGLE Advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 优化了GOOGLE广告位排列顺序，大大增加了广告效果。来自互联网

15 steering
n.操舵装置
参考例句：
He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. 他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。 Steering according to the wind, he also framed his words more amicably. 他真会看风使舵，口吻也马上变得温和了。

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TED演讲 设计改变城市 创意成就舒适(2)

TED演讲设计改变城市创意成就舒适(2)